Abstract
Abstract Background To understand shade and wind effects on seedling traits of common reed ( Phragmites australis ), we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating day length (10 h daytime a day as open canopy conditions or 6 h daytime a day as partially closed canopy conditions) and wind speed (0 m/s as windless conditions or 4 m/s as windy conditions). Results Most values of functional traits of leaf blades, culms, and biomass production of P. australis were higher under long day length. In particular, we found sole positive effects of long day length in several functional traits such as internode and leaf blade lengths and the values of above-ground dry weight (DW), rhizome DW, and total DW. Wind-induced effects on functional traits were different depending on functional traits. Wind contributed to relatively low values of chlorophyll contents, angles between leaf blades, mean culm height, and maximum culm height. In contrast, wind contributed to relatively high values of culm density and below-ground DW. Conclusions Although wind appeared to inhibit the vertical growth of P. australis through physiological and morphological changes in leaf blades, it seemed that P. australis might compensate the inhibited vertical growth with increased horizontal growth such as more numerous culms, indicating a highly adaptive characteristic of P. australis in terms of phenotypic plasticity under windy environments.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Long day length increased several reed leaf, culm, and biomass traits.
- Taxon
- P. australis
Phragmites australise0 - Treatment
- long day lengthe0
- Outcome
- functional traits of leaf blades, culms, and biomass productione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most values of functional traits of leaf blades, culms, and biomass production of P. australis were higher under long day length”
Claim · model-written summary
Long day length increased internode and leaf blade lengths.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- long day lengthe0
- Outcome
- internode and leaf blade lengthse0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sole positive effects of long day length in several functional traits such as internode and leaf blade lengths”
t0“Phragmites australis”
Claim · model-written summary
Long day length increased above-ground, rhizome, and total dry weight.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- long day lengthe0
- Outcome
- above-ground dry weight (DW), rhizome DW, and total DWe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sole positive effects of long day length in several functional traits such as internode and leaf blade lengths and the values of above-ground dry weight (DW), rhizome DW, and total DW”
t0“Phragmites australis”
Claim · model-written summary
Wind lowered chlorophyll content in reed seedlings.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- Winde0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wind contributed to relatively low values of chlorophyll contents, angles between leaf blades, mean culm height, and maximum culm height”
t0“Phragmites australis”
Claim · model-written summary
Wind lowered leaf blade angles and mean and maximum culm height.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- Winde0
- Outcome
- angles between leaf blades, mean culm height, and maximum culm heighte0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wind contributed to relatively low values of chlorophyll contents, angles between leaf blades, mean culm height, and maximum culm height”
t0“Phragmites australis”
Claim · model-written summary
Wind increased culm density and below-ground dry weight.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- winde0
- Outcome
- culm density and below-ground DWe0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wind contributed to relatively high values of culm density and below-ground DW”
t0“Phragmites australis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted increased horizontal growth as compensation for wind-inhibited vertical growth.
- Taxon
- P. australisPhragmites australise0
- Outcome
- increased horizontal growthe0
- Qualifier
- compensate the inhibited vertical growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. australis might compensate the inhibited vertical growth with increased horizontal growth such as more numerous culms”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Phragmites australis (common reed)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.