Abstract
Abstract Seed germination of the wetland emergent perennial Phragmites australis is stimulated by diurnally fluctuating temperatures. A germination experiment in darkness and light at different temperature regimes showed that P. australis germinated as well in darkness as in light over most of the temperature regimes tested. The germination requirements could partly explain why this species, despite a large annual production of small seeds, does not accumulate a persistent soil seed bank. A second experiment examined the effect of one to four diurnal temperature cycles with amplitude of fluctuations ranging from 0 to 30°C; diurnal mean temperature of 15°C. Germination in the absence of fluctuations was low, and logistic model estimates showed a positive effect of number of temperature cycles which was strongly influenced by amplitude size. For seeds that have fallen on moist ground during the winter, these laboratory results predict that a few large diurnal temperature fluctuations could be sufficient for onset of germination in the subsequently warmer spring period. Seeds that are located under water, however, are predicted to remain ungerminated until the water level falls. Hence, we suggest that the requirement for fluctuating temperature, in addition to being a sensor for ‘exposed’ seed sites, is also effectively acting as a germination timing mechanism.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Diurnally fluctuating temperatures stimulate seed germination of Phragmites australis.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australis
Phragmites australise0 - Treatment
- diurnally fluctuating temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination of the wetland emergent perennial Phragmites australis is stimulated by diurnally fluctuating temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Phragmites australis germinated as well in darkness as in light over most temperature regimes tested.
- Taxon
- P. australisPhragmites australise1
- Treatment
- lighte1
- Outcome
- germinatede1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- over most of the temperature regimes testede1
- Comparator
- darknesse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“P. australis germinated as well in darkness as in light over most of the temperature regimes tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination requirements may partly explain why Phragmites australis does not accumulate a persistent soil seed bank.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Outcome
- does not accumulate a persistent soil seed banke2
- Qualifier
- germination requirementse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light and number of diurnal temperature fluctuations on germination of Phragmites australis”
e2“The germination requirements could partly explain why this species, despite a large annual production of small seeds, does not accumulate a persistent soil seed bank”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of Phragmites australis in the absence of temperature fluctuations was low.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Outcome
- Germinatione3
- Direction
- lowe3
- Qualifier
- in the absence of fluctuationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light and number of diurnal temperature fluctuations on germination of Phragmites australis”
e3“Germination in the absence of fluctuations was low”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of diurnal temperature cycles had a positive effect on germination of Phragmites australis, strongly influenced by amplitude size.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- number of temperature cyclese3
- Outcome
- Germinatione3
- Direction
- positivee3
- Qualifier
- strongly influenced by amplitude sizee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light and number of diurnal temperature fluctuations on germination of Phragmites australis”
e3“Germination in the absence of fluctuations was low, and logistic model estimates showed a positive effect of number of temperature cycles which was strongly influenced by amplitude size”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted onset of germination of Phragmites australis seeds after a few large diurnal temperature fluctuations in the warmer spring.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- a few large diurnal temperature fluctuationse4
- Outcome
- onset of germinatione4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light and number of diurnal temperature fluctuations on germination of Phragmites australis”
e4“these laboratory results predict that a few large diurnal temperature fluctuations could be sufficient for onset of germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds of Phragmites australis located under water are predicted to remain ungerminated until the water level falls.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- under watere5
- Outcome
- ungerminatede5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light and number of diurnal temperature fluctuations on germination of Phragmites australis”
e5“Seeds that are located under water, however, are predicted to remain ungerminated until the water level falls”
Claim · model-written summary
Requirement for fluctuating temperature acts as a germination timing mechanism in Phragmites australis.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Outcome
- germination timinge6
- Qualifier
- the requirement for fluctuating temperaturee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light and number of diurnal temperature fluctuations on germination of Phragmites australis”
e6“the requirement for fluctuating temperature, in addition to being a sensor for ‘exposed’ seed sites, is also effectively acting as a germination timing mechanism”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Phragmites australis (common reed)Positive and negative results
2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.