Abstract
Abstract Stimulant fertilization isthe supplementary application of low doses of foliar fertilizers to otherwise well‐fertilized crops, and literature suggests that it may increase grain yield. However, the physiological mechanisms behind this potential yield increase are not well understood. This study investigated the effect of supplementary foliar nitrogen (N) in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize ( Zea mays ) nutrition, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant metabolism, agronomic parameters, and grain yield. We tested the presence or absence of low rates of late season (R 3 and V 10 of soybean and maize, respectively) foliar N fertilization in a main season soybean followed by an off‐season maize. While there were no effects of N application on leaf nutrient concentration, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency increased due to foliar N fertilization in both crops. The improvement in photosynthesis occurred due to a concomitant increase in Rubisco activity and in the concentration of sugar in the leaves prior to grain filling. Foliar N fertilization also improved antioxidant metabolism, suggesting that fertilized plants were less affected by environmental stresses during their cycle. The improvement in the metabolic activity due to foliar N did not affect grains per plant but increased a hundred grain mass and grain yield of both soybean and maize. Our results suggest that foliar N applied as stimulant fertilizer is a promising strategy to increase yield of maize and soybean crops.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N did not alter soybean leaf nutrient concentration.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no effects of N application on leaf nutrient concentration”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N did not alter maize leaf nutrient concentration.
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no effects of N application on leaf nutrient concentration”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N increased soybean net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency increased due to foliar N fertilization in both crops”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N increased soybean carboxylation efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- carboxylation efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency increased due to foliar N fertilization in both crops”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N increased maize net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency.
- Treatment
- foliar N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency increased due to foliar N fertilization in both crops”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N increased maize carboxylation efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency increased due to foliar N fertilization in both crops”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N increased Rubisco activity before grain filling in both crops.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar nitrogent0
- Gene
- Rubiscoe0
- Outcome
- Rubisco activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a concomitant increase in Rubisco activity and in the concentration of sugar in the leaves prior to grain filling”
t0“Foliar nitrogen as stimulant fertilization alters carbon metabolism, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and enhances grain yield in a soybean–maize rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N increased leaf sugar before grain filling.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a concomitant increase in Rubisco activity and in the concentration of sugar in the leaves prior to grain filling”
t0“Foliar nitrogen as stimulant fertilization alters carbon metabolism, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and enhances grain yield in a soybean–maize rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N improved antioxidant metabolism in both crops.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- antioxidant metabolisme0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar N fertilization also improved antioxidant metabolism”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N did not change grains per soybean plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar Ne0
- Outcome
- grains per plante0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar N did not affect grains per plant”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N did not change grains per maize plant.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar N did not affect grains per plant”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N increased soybean hundred-grain mass and grain yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar Ne0
- Outcome
- a hundred grain mass and grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar N did not affect grains per plant but increased a hundred grain mass and grain yield of both soybean and maize”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N increased maize hundred-grain mass and grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar N did not affect grains per plant but increased a hundred grain mass and grain yield of both soybean and maize”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest foliar N as a stimulant fertilizer to increase soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- foliar N applied as stimulant fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar N applied as stimulant fertilizer is a promising strategy to increase yield of maize and soybean crops”
t0“soybean–maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest foliar N as a stimulant fertilizer to increase maize yield.
- Outcome
- foliar N applied as stimulant fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar N applied as stimulant fertilizer is a promising strategy to increase yield of maize and soybean crops”
t0“soybean–maize”
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See all 57 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.