Abstract
Abstract The interactive effectof silicon (Si) application on soil fertility is poorly understood when inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is performed. This research determined if Si application and A. brasilense inoculation to corn ( Zea mays L.) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) has agronomic benefits on soil nutrient concentration and grain yield. Treatments were tested under a no‐till system in a Rhodic Haplustox in a full factorial design with four replicates and comprised (a) two soil amendment sources—calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) silicate and dolomitic limestone; (b) with and without seed inoculation with A. brasilense ; and (c) five sampling dates collected during two corn–wheat crop rotations (2015–2017). Calcium and Mg silicate application was effective at decreasing soil hydrogen + aluminum (H+Al) and Al content and increasing soil pH, sum of bases, and base saturation. However, silicate changed soil nutrient availability, reduced cation exchange capacity, phosphorus (P) and Mg content and did not significantly affect ( p > .05) corn and wheat grain yield. Inoculation reduced Al toxicity, with lower H+Al and Al contents, and increased K content, leading to a greater pH and base saturation after four cropping seasons. Inoculation increased corn and wheat grain yield by 8.2 and 8.3%, respectively. Application of Ca and Mg silicate was more effective than limestone as a liming agent but could result in decreased availability of certain nutrients in soil. Inoculation with A. brasilense could be an important management practice to maintain adequate Si content in soil when limestone is applied. However, with silicate application, A. brasilense could increase Si depletion in soil.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium and magnesium silicate decreased soil hydrogen plus aluminum and aluminum content.
- Treatment
- Calcium and Mg silicate applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil hydrogen + aluminum (H+Al) and Al contente0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Calcium and Mg silicate application was effective at decreasing soil hydrogen + aluminum (H+Al) and Al content”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate increased soil pH, sum of bases, and base saturation.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“increasing soil pH, sum of bases, and base saturation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate reduced cation exchange capacity, phosphorus, and magnesium content.
- Treatment
- silicatee0
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacity, phosphorus (P) and Mg contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“silicate changed soil nutrient availability, reduced cation exchange capacity, phosphorus (P) and Mg content”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate did not significantly affect corn grain yield.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- silicatee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicate changed soil nutrient availability, reduced cation exchange capacity, phosphorus (P) and Mg content and did not significantly affect ( p > .05) corn and wheat grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate did not significantly affect wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- silicatee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicate changed soil nutrient availability, reduced cation exchange capacity, phosphorus (P) and Mg content and did not significantly affect ( p > .05) corn and wheat grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation lowered soil hydrogen plus aluminum and aluminum contents.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation reduced Al toxicity, with lower H+Al and Al contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased soil potassium content.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased K content”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased soil pH and base saturation after four cropping seasons.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“leading to a greater pH and base saturation after four cropping seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum inoculation increased corn grain yield by 8.2%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased corn and wheat grain yield by 8.2 and 8.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum inoculation increased wheat grain yield by 8.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased corn and wheat grain yield by 8.2 and 8.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium and magnesium silicate was a more effective liming agent than limestone.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of Ca and Mg silicate was more effective than limestone as a liming agent”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum inoculation could maintain adequate soil silicon when limestone is applied.
- Treatment
- Inoculation with A. brasilensee0
- Outcome
- maintain adequate Si content in soile0
- Qualifier
- when limestone is appliede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with A. brasilense could be an important management practice to maintain adequate Si content in soil when limestone is applied”
Claim · model-written summary
With silicate, Azospirillum could increase soil silicon depletion.
- Treatment
- A. brasilensee0
- Outcome
- Si depletion in soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- with silicate applicatione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“with silicate application, A. brasilense could increase Si depletion in soil”
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