Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important tropical root crop and a major dietary energy source for more than 500 million people. The major production constraints in cassava are the occurrence of nutrient deficiency and cassava mosaic disease (CMD). Hence to increase the cassava yield, it is critical to develop a technology to overcome the problems associated with nutrient deficiencies and CMD. Series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate and validate a new mixture containing biocontrol agent and nutrients on different genotypes and locations. The result indicated that foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from one to five-month after planting (MAP) had significantly decreased the incidence of nutrient deficiency symptom and CMD incidence resulting in an increased tuber yield. There were significant differences among the cassava genotypes for CMD reaction and foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from 1 to 5 MAP. The genotype H226 had lower CMD incidence and higher tuber yield. The multilocation trial indicated that foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from 1 to 5 MAP significantly improved the tuber yield (24%) and decreased the CMD incidence (65%) than unsprayed control. Metabolomic study indicates that foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture has altered lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, as evidenced by increased accumulation of octadecatrienoic acid (2.28-fold) trilinolein (126.3-fold) in combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture sprayed plants over unsprayed control. Overall, it is evident that foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture from 1 to 5 MAP has decreased CMD incidence and increased the tuber yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The spray reduced nutrient deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- Cassava
Manihot esculentae1 - Treatment
- foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from one to five-month after planting (MAP)e0
- Outcome
- incidence of nutrient deficiency symptome0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from one to five-month after planting (MAP) had significantly decreased the incidence of nutrient deficiency symptom and CMD incidence resulting in an increased tuber yield”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
Claim · model-written summary
The spray reduced cassava mosaic disease incidence.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from one to five-month after planting (MAP)e0
- Outcome
- CMD incidencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from one to five-month after planting (MAP) had significantly decreased the incidence of nutrient deficiency symptom and CMD incidence resulting in an increased tuber yield”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
Claim · model-written summary
The spray increased tuber yield.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from one to five-month after planting (MAP)e0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from one to five-month after planting (MAP) had significantly decreased the incidence of nutrient deficiency symptom and CMD incidence resulting in an increased tuber yield”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava genotypes differed significantly in CMD reaction.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Outcome
- CMD reactione0
- Direction
- significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant differences among the cassava genotypes for CMD reaction and foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from 1 to 5 MAP.”
Claim · model-written summary
H226 had lower CMD incidence.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Material
- H226e0
- Outcome
- CMD incidencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype H226 had lower CMD incidence and higher tuber yield.”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
Claim · model-written summary
H226 had higher tuber yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Material
- H226e0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype H226 had lower CMD incidence and higher tuber yield.”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
Claim · model-written summary
Across locations, spray increased tuber yield by 24% versus unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from 1 to 5 MAPe0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from 1 to 5 MAP significantly improved the tuber yield (24%) and decreased the CMD incidence (65%) than unsprayed control”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
Claim · model-written summary
Across locations, spray decreased CMD incidence by 65% versus unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from 1 to 5 MAPe0
- Outcome
- CMD incidencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture at 21 d interval from 1 to 5 MAP significantly improved the tuber yield (24%) and decreased the CMD incidence (65%) than unsprayed control”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray altered lipid biosynthesis and metabolism.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixturee0
- Outcome
- lipid biosynthesis and metabolisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture has altered lipid biosynthesis and metabolism”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray increased octadecatrienoic acid accumulation 2.28-fold.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture sprayede0
- Outcome
- accumulation of octadecatrienoic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.28-folde0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased accumulation of octadecatrienoic acid (2.28-fold) trilinolein (126.3-fold) in combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture sprayed plants over unsprayed control”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray increased trilinolein accumulation 126.3-fold.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture sprayede0
- Outcome
- trilinoleine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 126.3-folde0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased accumulation of octadecatrienoic acid (2.28-fold) trilinolein (126.3-fold) in combined nutrient/biocontrol agent mixture sprayed plants over unsprayed control”
e1“Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)”
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