Abstract
With increasing areas of direct sowing, low-temperature (LT) stress drastically affects global rice production. Exogenous applications of melatonin (MT) serve as one of the effective ways to improve seed germination under various stress conditions. In this study, we found that MT treatment greatly improved the LT stress-induced loss of germination percentage and the weak performance of seedlings under LT of constant 20°C (LT20). This was largely dependent on the activated antioxidant system and enhanced activities of storage substance utilization-associated enzymes. Moreover, we also detected that exogenous feeding of MT significantly increased the biosynthesis of gibberellin (GA) and endogenous MT but simultaneously inhibited the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under LT20 stress. These results suggested that MT had antagonistic effects on ABA and H 2 O 2 . In addition, MT treatment also significantly enhanced the expression of CATALYSE 2 ( OsCAT2 ), which was directly regulated by ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (OsABI5), a core module of ABA-stressed signals, and thus promoting the H 2 O 2 scavenging to reach reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, which consequently increased GA biosynthesis. However, in abi5 mutants, OsCAT2 failed in response to LT20 stress irrespective of MT treatment, indicating that OsABI5 is essential for MT-mediated seed germination under LT20 stress. Collectively, we now demonstrated that MT showed a synergistic interaction with an ABI5-mediated signal to mediate seed germination, partially through the direct regulation of OsCAT2 .
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
MT treatment improved germination percentage of rice under constant 20°C low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- MT treatmente0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under LT of constant 20°C (LT20)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“MT treatment greatly improved the LT stress-induced loss of germination percentage and the weak performance of seedlings under LT of constant 20°C (LT20)”
Claim · model-written summary
MT treatment improved the performance of rice seedlings under constant 20°C low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- MT treatmente0
- Outcome
- performance of seedlingse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under LT of constant 20°C (LT20)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“MT treatment greatly improved the LT stress-induced loss of germination percentage and the weak performance of seedlings under LT of constant 20°C (LT20)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous MT significantly increased gibberellin and endogenous MT biosynthesis in rice under LT20 stress.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous feeding of MTe1
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of gibberellin (GA) and endogenous MTe1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
- Qualifier
- under LT20 stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exogenous feeding of MT significantly increased the biosynthesis of gibberellin (GA) and endogenous MT but simultaneously inhibited the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under LT20 stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous MT inhibited the accumulation of abscisic acid and hydrogen peroxide in rice under LT20 stress.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous feeding of MTe1
- Outcome
- accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )e1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- under LT20 stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exogenous feeding of MT significantly increased the biosynthesis of gibberellin (GA) and endogenous MT but simultaneously inhibited the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under LT20 stress”
Claim · model-written summary
MT had antagonistic effects on abscisic acid and hydrogen peroxide in rice (authors interpretation).
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MTe4
- Outcome
- antagonistic effects on ABA and H 2 O 2e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e4“These results suggested that MT had antagonistic effects on ABA and H 2 O 2”
Claim · model-written summary
MT treatment significantly enhanced the expression of OsCAT2 in rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MT treatmente2
- Gene
- OsCAT2e2
- Outcome
- expression of CATALYSE 2e2
- Direction
- significantly enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e2“MT treatment also significantly enhanced the expression of CATALYSE 2 ( OsCAT2 ), which was directly regulated by ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (OsABI5), a core module of ABA-stressed signals”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCAT2 is directly regulated by OsABI5 in rice (authors interpretation).
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsCAT2e2
- Outcome
- directly regulated by ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (OsABI5)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e2“MT treatment also significantly enhanced the expression of CATALYSE 2 ( OsCAT2 ), which was directly regulated by ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (OsABI5), a core module of ABA-stressed signals”
Claim · model-written summary
In abi5 mutants, OsCAT2 failed to respond to LT20 stress irrespective of MT treatment.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- abi5 mutantse3
- Gene
- OsCAT2e3
- Outcome
- OsCAT2e3
- Direction
- failed in response toe3
- Qualifier
- irrespective of MT treatmente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e3“in abi5 mutants, OsCAT2 failed in response to LT20 stress irrespective of MT treatment, indicating that OsABI5 is essential for MT-mediated seed germination under LT20 stress”
Claim · model-written summary
OsABI5 is essential for MT-mediated seed germination under LT20 stress in rice (authors interpretation).
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsABI5e3
- Outcome
- MT-mediated seed germinatione3
- Qualifier
- under LT20 stresse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e3“in abi5 mutants, OsCAT2 failed in response to LT20 stress irrespective of MT treatment, indicating that OsABI5 is essential for MT-mediated seed germination under LT20 stress”
Claim · model-written summary
MT showed a synergistic interaction with an ABI5-mediated signal to promote seed germination, partly through direct regulation of OsCAT2 (authors interpretation).
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MTe6
- Gene
- OsCAT2e6
- Outcome
- seed germinatione6
- Qualifier
- synergistic interaction with an ABI5-mediated signale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e6“Collectively, we now demonstrated that MT showed a synergistic interaction with an ABI5-mediated signal to mediate seed germination, partially through the direct regulation of OsCAT2”
Claim · model-written summary
The MT improvement of germination under LT stress was largely dependent on an activated antioxidant system and enhanced storage-substance enzyme activities (authors interpretation).
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MT treatmente0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Qualifier
- largely dependent on the activated antioxidant system and enhanced activities of storage substance utilization-associated enzymese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“MT treatment greatly improved the LT stress-induced loss of germination percentage and the weak performance of seedlings under LT of constant 20°C (LT20)”
e5“This was largely dependent on the activated antioxidant system and enhanced activities of storage substance utilization-associated enzymes”
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