Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) catalyzes the oxidation of abscisic aldehyde (ABal) to abscisic acid (ABA). Besides ABal, plants generate other aldehydes that can be toxic above a certain threshold. AAO3 knockout mutants (aao3) exhibited earlier senescence but equivalent relative water content compared with wild-type (WT) during normal growth or upon application of UV-C irradiation. Aldehyde profiling in leaves of 24-day-old plants revealed higher accumulation of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, 3Z-hexenal, hexanal and acetaldehyde in aao3 mutants compared with WT leaves. Similarly, higher levels of acrolein, benzaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, propionaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal and acetaldehyde were accumulated in aao3 mutants upon UV-C irradiation. Aldehydes application to plants hastened profuse senescence symptoms and higher accumulation of aldehydes, such as acrolein, benzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, in aao3 mutant leaves as compared with WT. The senescence symptoms included greater decrease in chlorophyll content and increase in transcript expression of the early senescence marker genes, Senescence-Related-Gene1, Stay-Green-Protein2 as well as NAC-LIKE, ACTIVATED-BY AP3/P1. Notably, although aao3 had lower ABA content than WT, members of the ABA-responding genes SnRKs were expressed at similar levels in aao3 and WT. Moreover, the other ABA-deficient mutants [aba2 and 9-cis-poxycarotenoid dioxygenase3-2 (nced3-2), that has functional AAO3] exhibited similar aldehydes accumulation and chlorophyll content like WT under normal growth conditions or UV-C irradiation. These results indicate that the absence of AAO3 oxidation activity and not the lower ABA and its associated function is responsible for the earlier senescence symptoms in aao3 mutant.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AAO3 knockout mutants senesced earlier than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Material
- aao3e0
- Outcome
- senescencee0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AAO3 knockout mutants (aao3) exhibited earlier senescence but equivalent relative water content compared with wild-type (WT) during normal growth or upon application of UV-C irradiation.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
AAO3 knockouts and wild type had equivalent relative water content.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- aao3e0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AAO3 knockout mutants (aao3) exhibited earlier senescence but equivalent relative water content compared with wild-type (WT) during normal growth or upon application of UV-C irradiation.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
AAO3 mutants accumulated more of five aldehydes in leaves under normal growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- aao3e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, 3Z-hexenal, hexanal and acetaldehydee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- WT leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher accumulation of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, 3Z-hexenal, hexanal and acetaldehyde in aao3 mutants compared with WT leaves.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under UV-C, AAO3 mutants accumulated more of six aldehydes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- aao3e0
- Treatment
- UV-C irradiatione0
- Outcome
- levels of acrolein, benzaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, propionaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal and acetaldehydee0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of acrolein, benzaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, propionaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal and acetaldehyde were accumulated in aao3 mutants upon UV-C irradiation.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aldehyde application hastened senescence.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Aldehydes applicatione0
- Outcome
- senescence symptomse0
- Direction
- hastenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aldehydes application to plants hastened profuse senescence symptoms”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aldehyde application led to higher aldehyde accumulation in aao3 leaves than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- aao3e0
- Treatment
- Aldehydes applicatione1
- Outcome
- accumulation of aldehydes, such as acrolein, benzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenale0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher accumulation of aldehydes, such as acrolein, benzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, in aao3 mutant leaves as compared with WT.”
e1“Aldehydes application to plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Senescence symptoms included a greater decrease in chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- greater decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater decrease in chlorophyll content”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Senescence marker gene transcripts increased.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- Senescence-Related-Gene1, Stay-Green-Protein2 as well as NAC-LIKE, ACTIVATED-BY AP3/P1e0
- Outcome
- transcript expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in transcript expression of the early senescence marker genes, Senescence-Related-Gene1, Stay-Green-Protein2 as well as NAC-LIKE, ACTIVATED-BY AP3/P1.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
AAO3 mutants had lower ABA content than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- aao3e0
- Outcome
- ABA contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aao3 had lower ABA content than WT”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
SnRKs expression was similar between aao3 and wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- aao3e0
- Gene
- SnRKse0
- Outcome
- expressed at similar levelse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“members of the ABA-responding genes SnRKs were expressed at similar levels in aao3 and WT.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Other ABA-deficient mutants had aldehyde accumulation similar to wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- aba2 and 9-cis-poxycarotenoid dioxygenase3-2 (nced3-2)e0
- Outcome
- aldehydes accumulatione0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the other ABA-deficient mutants [aba2 and 9-cis-poxycarotenoid dioxygenase3-2 (nced3-2), that has functional AAO3] exhibited similar aldehydes accumulation and chlorophyll content like WT under normal growth conditions or UV-C irradiation.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Other ABA-deficient mutants had chlorophyll content similar to wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- aba2 and 9-cis-poxycarotenoid dioxygenase3-2 (nced3-2)e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exhibited similar aldehydes accumulation and chlorophyll content like WT under normal growth conditions or UV-C irradiation.”
e1“aba2 and 9-cis-poxycarotenoid dioxygenase3-2 (nced3-2)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute early aao3 senescence to absent AAO3 oxidation activity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- AAO3e0
- Outcome
- earlier senescence symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the absence of AAO3 oxidation activity and not the lower ABA and its associated function is responsible for the earlier senescence symptoms in aao3 mutant.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3)”