Abstract
A field trial conducted on barley, lupin and chickpea crops waspracticed in sand loamy newly reclaimed soil at the experimental farmof the Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, during 2006/07 and2007/08 seasons. This work was designed to study the effect of nitrogenfertilizer rates (15, 30 and 45 kg N/fed.) on the three crops grown as soleand intercropping (barley/chickpea and barley/lupin). A split split-plotarrangement in randomized complete block design with threereplications was used. The obtained results showed that, compared withthe barley/chickpea pattern, monocrop chickpea had significantlyimproved yielding and quality traits. Whereas, intercropping had higherseed index. Fertilization with 45% N (N3) led to increases in vegetativeand reproductive and consequently seed yield/fed. However, similarmeans of height to first branch and seed index were obtained fromapplication of 30 kg N/fed. (N2) which produced the highest harvestindex. Compared with monocrop culture, barley/lupin intercroppingresulted in significant increases of lupin height traits in addition itssuperiority for number of branches and seed index but with inferior seedweight/plant. The heaviest weight of seeds/plant and yield/fed. wereobtained from soled lupin. Nitrogen application results revealed theadequacy of N3 for lupin where it produced acceptable seed yield/fed.due to its superior number of pods and harvest index. Except seed andharvest indices all barley traits were significantly affected byintercropping in favour to soled culture. Intercropping barley producedmore than half yield/fed. Compared with solid culture. Nitrogenfertilization indicated the suitability of N2 (30 kg N/fed.) for producingimproved yield insignificantly different from that of N3. Under croppingpatterns with N2 fertilizer dose, the second yielding combinations werebarley/chickpea (12.18 ard) and then barley/lupin (11.08 ard) whichrepresented 61 and 55% of yield of soled barley fertilized with N3.These results indicating that chickpea was of better effect than lupin onbarley yielding ability and fertilization with the intermediate nitrogendose (N2) was quite enough for intercropping. Also, with N2barley/chickpea and barley/lupin yielded 49% chickpea together with61% barley with LER of 1.15 as well as 46% lupin together with 55%barley with LER 1.21, respectively, compared with sole culture of eachcrop. These two intercropping –N2 combinations increased totalproduction by 15% and 21% respectively.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Monocrop chickpea had significantly improved yielding and quality traits compared with the barley/chickpea pattern.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- monocrope1
- Outcome
- yielding and quality traitse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- barley/chickpea patterne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field trial conducted on barley, lupin and chickpea crops”
e1“barley/chickpea pattern, monocrop chickpea had significantlyimproved yielding and quality traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping had a higher seed index.
- Taxon
- barley, lupin and chickpeaCicer arietinum
Lupinus.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- intercroppinge2
- Outcome
- seed indexe2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A field trial conducted on barley, lupin and chickpea crops”
e2“intercropping had higherseed index”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with 45% N increased vegetative and reproductive growth and consequently seed yield per feddan.
- Taxon
- barley, lupin and chickpeaCicer arietinumLupinusHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Fertilization with 45% N (N3)e3
- Outcome
- seed yield/fede3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Qualifier
- vegetative and reproductivee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field trial conducted on barley, lupin and chickpea crops”
e3“Fertilization with 45% N (N3) led to increases in vegetative and reproductive and consequently seed yield/fed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with 30 kg N per feddan (N2) produced the highest harvest index.
- Taxon
- barley, lupin and chickpeaCicer arietinumLupinusHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 30 kg N/fed. (N2)e3
- Outcome
- harvest indexe1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field trial conducted on barley, lupin and chickpea crops”
e1“which produced the highest harvest index”
e2“similarmeans of height to first branch and seed index”
e3“application of 30 kg N/fed. (N2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with 30 kg N per feddan (N2) gave similar height to first branch and seed index.
- Taxon
- barley, lupin and chickpeaCicer arietinumLupinusHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 30 kg N/fed. (N2)e2
- Outcome
- height to first branch and seed indexe1
- Direction
- similare1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field trial conducted on barley, lupin and chickpea crops”
e1“similarmeans of height to first branch and seed index”
e2“application of 30 kg N/fed. (N2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with monocrop, barley/lupin intercropping significantly increased lupin height traits.
- Treatment
- barley/lupin intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- lupin height traitse6
- Direction
- increasese6
- Comparator
- monocrop culturee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Compared with monocrop culture, barley/lupin intercropping resulted in significant increases of lupin height traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with monocrop, barley/lupin intercropping gave lupin superiority in number of branches and seed index.
- Treatment
- barley/lupin intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- number of branches and seed indexe7
- Direction
- superioritye7
- Comparator
- monocrop culturee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Compared with monocrop culture, barley/lupin intercropping resulted in significant increases of lupin height traits”
e7“in addition itssuperiority for number of branches and seed index”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with monocrop, barley/lupin intercropping gave inferior lupin seed weight per plant.
- Treatment
- barley/lupin intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- seed weight/plante7
- Direction
- inferiore7
- Comparator
- monocrop culturee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Compared with monocrop culture, barley/lupin intercropping resulted in significant increases of lupin height traits”
e7“but with inferior seed weight/plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The heaviest seed weight per plant and seed yield per feddan were obtained from sole lupin.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The heaviest weight of seeds/plant and yield/fed. were obtained from soled lupin”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with N3 gave acceptable seed yield per feddan for lupin, owing to its superior number of pods and harvest index.
- Treatment
- N3e1
- Outcome
- seed yield/fede1
- Direction
- acceptablee1
- Qualifier
- superior number of pods and harvest indexe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“N3 for lupin where it produced acceptable seed yield/fed. due to its superior number of pods and harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly affected barley traits, in favour of sole culture, except for seed and harvest indices.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- intercroppinge2
- Outcome
- barley traitse1
- Direction
- significantly affectede1
- Comparator
- soled culturee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all barley traits were significantly affected”
e2“intercropping in favour to soled culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping barley produced more than half of the seed yield per feddan of sole culture.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- yield/fede2
- Direction
- producede2
- Value
- more than halfe2
- Comparator
- solid culturee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field trial conducted on barley, lupin and chickpea crops”
e1“intercropping in favour to soled culture”
e2“producedmore than half yield/fed”
e3“Compared with solid culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with N2 (30 kg N/fed.) gave an improved yield insignificantly different from that of N3.
- Taxon
- barley, lupin and chickpeaCicer arietinumLupinusHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N2 (30 kg N/fed.)e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- N3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field trial conducted on barley, lupin and chickpea crops”
e1“the suitability of N2 (30 kg N/fed.) for producingimproved yield insignificantly different from that of N3”
Claim · model-written summary
Under N2 fertilizer dose, the barley/chickpea combination yielded 12.18 ard.
- Taxon
- barley/chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- N2 fertilizer dosee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 12.18 arde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under cropping patterns with N2 fertilizer dose, the second yielding combinations were barley/chickpea (12.18 ard) and then barley/lupin (11.08 ard)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under N2 fertilizer dose, the barley/lupin combination yielded 11.08 ard.
- Taxon
- barley/lupinLupinusHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- N2 fertilizer dosee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 11.08 arde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under cropping patterns with N2 fertilizer dose, the second yielding combinations were barley/chickpea (12.18 ard) and then barley/lupin (11.08 ard)”
Claim · model-written summary
The barley/chickpea combination under N2 represented 61% of the yield of sole barley fertilized with N3.
- Taxon
- barley/chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Value
- 61e2
- Comparator
- soled barley fertilized with N3e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under cropping patterns with N2 fertilizer dose, the second yielding combinations were barley/chickpea (12.18 ard) and then barley/lupin (11.08 ard)”
e2“which represented 61 and 55% of yield of soled barley fertilized with N3”
Claim · model-written summary
The barley/lupin combination under N2 represented 55% of the yield of sole barley fertilized with N3.
- Taxon
- barley/lupinLupinusHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Value
- 55%e2
- Comparator
- soled barley fertilized with N3e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under cropping patterns with N2 fertilizer dose, the second yielding combinations were barley/chickpea (12.18 ard) and then barley/lupin (11.08 ard)”
e2“which represented 61 and 55% of yield of soled barley fertilized with N3”
Claim · model-written summary
With N2, barley/chickpea intercropping yielded 49% chickpea relative to sole culture.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- barley/chickpeae1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- yieldede1
- Value
- 49%e1
- Comparator
- sole culture of eachcrope2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“barley/chickpea and barley/lupin yielded 49% chickpea”
e2“compared with sole culture of eachcrop”
Claim · model-written summary
With N2, barley/lupin intercropping yielded 46% lupin relative to sole culture.
- Treatment
- barley/lupine1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- yieldede1
- Value
- 46%e3
- Comparator
- sole culture of eachcrope2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“barley/chickpea and barley/lupin yielded 49% chickpea”
e2“compared with sole culture of eachcrop”
e3“46% lupin”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with the intermediate nitrogen dose (N2) is quite enough for intercropping.
- Taxon
- barley, lupin and chickpeaCicer arietinumLupinusHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- intermediate nitrogen dose (N2)e1
- Outcome
- quite enough for intercroppinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field trial conducted on barley, lupin and chickpea crops”
e1“fertilization with the intermediate nitrogen dose (N2) was quite enough for intercropping”
The same questions in other papers
Hordeum vulgare · growth · LupinusPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Hordeum vulgare · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →intercropping · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →nitrogen · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
92 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
98 papers more in this group
See all 102 papers →nitrogen · yield · LupinusPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
intercropping · growth · LupinusPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
intercropping · organism · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
intercropping · yield · LupinusPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.