Abstract
The effects of different fertilizers and biofertilizers on crop production to increase plant growth, improve quality and yield components (dry leaves yield, leaf protein, and stevioside) of crops has been extensively studied. However, the combination of both types of fertilizers have rarely been investigated. To explore the effect of different fertilizers and biofertilizers on stevia plant, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the growth response of stevia plants under the influence of nitrogenous fertilizers (NFs) and effective microorganisms (EM). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, with EM as the main plot factor (-EM and +EM) and NFs as the subplot factor [control, chemical NFs (Ch-N) and organic NFs (Org-N)]. The results showed that, plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants. Similarly, plants receiving EM along with Ch-N showed 1.86-, 1.7-, 2.2-, 2.12-, 3-, and 2.72-fold increases in the same traits. Total chlorophyll, protein, N, P, K and sativoside contents were increased by 88.8, 152, 138, 151.5, 43 and 137.5% when EM and Org-N were applied to stevia plants. Application of EM together with Ch-N increased these properties by 0.5, 127.7, 115, 216, 42.6 and 83.8%, respectively in the same traits. Overall, the combined application of NFs and EM improved growth, yield and nutrient accumulation in stevia plants.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased plant height by 2- compared with untreated stevia.
- Treatment
- EM and Org-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2-e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
SteviaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased number of branches by 2.2- compared with untreated stevia.
- Treatment
- EM and Org-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of branchese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2.2-e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased total leaf area by 2.4- compared with untreated stevia.
- Treatment
- EM and Org-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2.4-e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased plant fresh weight by 2.5- compared with untreated stevia.
- Treatment
- EM and Org-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2.5-e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased plant dry weight by 3.3- compared with untreated stevia.
- Treatment
- EM and Org-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 3.3-e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased leaf dry yield by 3-fold compared with untreated stevia.
- Treatment
- EM and Org-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf dry yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 3-folde0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased plant height by 1.86- in stevia.
- Treatment
- EM along with Ch-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 1.86-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants receiving EM along with Ch-N showed 1.86-, 1.7-, 2.2-, 2.12-, 3-, and 2.72-fold increases in the same traits”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
e1“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased number of branches by 1.7- in stevia.
- Treatment
- EM along with Ch-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of branchese1
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 1.7-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants receiving EM along with Ch-N showed 1.86-, 1.7-, 2.2-, 2.12-, 3-, and 2.72-fold increases in the same traits”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
e1“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased total leaf area by 2.2- in stevia.
- Treatment
- EM along with Ch-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total leaf areae1
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2.2-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants receiving EM along with Ch-N showed 1.86-, 1.7-, 2.2-, 2.12-, 3-, and 2.72-fold increases in the same traits”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
e1“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased plant fresh weight by 2.12- in stevia.
- Treatment
- EM along with Ch-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2.12-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants receiving EM along with Ch-N showed 1.86-, 1.7-, 2.2-, 2.12-, 3-, and 2.72-fold increases in the same traits”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
e1“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased plant dry weight by 3- in stevia.
- Treatment
- EM along with Ch-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 3-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants receiving EM along with Ch-N showed 1.86-, 1.7-, 2.2-, 2.12-, 3-, and 2.72-fold increases in the same traits”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
e1“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased leaf dry yield by 2.72-fold in stevia.
- Treatment
- EM along with Ch-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf dry yielde1
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2.72-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants receiving EM along with Ch-N showed 1.86-, 1.7-, 2.2-, 2.12-, 3-, and 2.72-fold increases in the same traits”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
e1“plants treated with EM and Org-N showed 2-, 2.2-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 3.3- and 3-fold increases in plant height, number of branches, total leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf dry yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased stevia Total chlorophyll by 88.8.
- Treatment
- EM and Org-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 88.8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll, protein, N, P, K and sativoside contents were increased by 88.8, 152, 138, 151.5, 43 and 137.5% when EM and Org-N were applied to stevia plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased stevia protein by 152.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll, protein, N, P, K and sativoside contents were increased by 88.8, 152, 138, 151.5, 43 and 137.5% when EM and Org-N were applied to stevia plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased stevia N by 138.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll, protein, N, P, K and sativoside contents were increased by 88.8, 152, 138, 151.5, 43 and 137.5% when EM and Org-N were applied to stevia plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased stevia P by 151.5.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll, protein, N, P, K and sativoside contents were increased by 88.8, 152, 138, 151.5, 43 and 137.5% when EM and Org-N were applied to stevia plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased stevia K by 43.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll, protein, N, P, K and sativoside contents were increased by 88.8, 152, 138, 151.5, 43 and 137.5% when EM and Org-N were applied to stevia plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with organic nitrogen fertilizer increased stevia sativoside contents by 137.5%.
- Treatment
- EM and Org-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- sativoside contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 137.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll, protein, N, P, K and sativoside contents were increased by 88.8, 152, 138, 151.5, 43 and 137.5% when EM and Org-N were applied to stevia plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased stevia Total chlorophyll by 0.5%.
- Treatment
- EM together with Ch-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of EM together with Ch-N increased these properties by 0.5, 127.7, 115, 216, 42.6 and 83.8%, respectively in the same traits”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
e1“Total chlorophyll, protein, N, P, K and sativoside contents were increased by 88.8, 152, 138, 151.5, 43 and 137.5% when EM and Org-N were applied to stevia plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EM with chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased stevia protein by 127.7%.
- Treatment
- EM together with Ch-Ne0
- Interactor
- EMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- proteine1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 127.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of EM together with Ch-N increased these properties by 0.5, 127.7, 115, 216, 42.6 and 83.8%, respectively in the same traits”
t0“stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)”
e1“Total chlorophyll, protein, N, P, K and sativoside contents were increased by 88.8, 152, 138, 151.5, 43 and 137.5% when EM and Org-N were applied to stevia plants”
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