Abstract
BACKGROUND: Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth that participates in a series of biological processes. Thus, P deficiency limits crop growth and yield. Although Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume that displays adaptation to low phosphate (Pi) availability, its adaptive mechanisms remain largely unknown. RESULTS: In this study, differences in low-P stress tolerance were investigated using two stylo cultivars ('RY2' and 'RY5') that were grown in hydroponics. Results showed that cultivar RY2 was better adapted to Pi starvation than RY5, as reflected by lower values of relative decrease rates of growth parameters than RY5 at low-P stress, especially for the reduction of shoot and root dry weight. Furthermore, RY2 exhibited higher P acquisition efficiency than RY5 under the same P treatment, although P utilization efficiency was similar between the two cultivars. In addition, better root growth performance and higher leaf and root APase activities were observed with RY2 compared to RY5. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis revealed 8,348 genes that were differentially expressed under P deficient and sufficient conditions in RY2 roots, with many Pi starvation regulated genes associated with P metabolic process, protein modification process, transport and other metabolic processes. A group of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in Pi uptake and Pi homeostasis were identified, such as genes encoding Pi transporter (PT), purple acid phosphatase (PAP), and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE). Furthermore, a variety of genes related to transcription factors and regulators involved in Pi signaling, including genes belonging to the PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1-like (PHR1), WRKY and the SYG1/PHO81/XPR1 (SPX) domain, were also regulated by P deficiency in stylo roots. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the possible mechanisms underlying the adaptation of stylo to P deficiency. The low-P tolerance in stylo is probably manifested through regulation of root growth, Pi acquisition and cellular Pi homeostasis as well as Pi signaling pathway. The identified genes involved in low-P tolerance can be potentially used to design the breeding strategy for developing P-efficient stylo cultivars to grow on acid soils in the tropics.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar RY2 showed lower relative decrease rates of growth parameters than RY5 under low-P stress, especially for shoot and root dry weight.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensis
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Stylosanthes guianensise1 - Material
- RY2e3
- Treatment
- low-P stresse2
- Outcome
- relative decrease rates of growth parameterse2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- especially for the reduction of shoot and root dry weighte2
- Comparator
- RY5e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e2“lower values of relative decrease rates of growth parameters than RY5 at low-P stress, especially for the reduction of shoot and root dry weight”
e3“cultivar RY2 was better adapted to Pi starvation than RY5”
Claim · model-written summary
RY2 had higher P acquisition efficiency than RY5 under the same P treatment.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Material
- RY2e2
- Treatment
- same P treatmente2
- Outcome
- P acquisition efficiencye2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- RY5e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e2“RY2 exhibited higher P acquisition efficiency than RY5 under the same P treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
P utilization efficiency was similar between the two stylo cultivars.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Outcome
- P utilization efficiencye3
- Direction
- similare3
- Comparator
- the two cultivarse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e3“P utilization efficiency was similar between the two cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
RY2 had better root growth performance than RY5 at low P.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Material
- RY2e2
- Outcome
- root growth performancee2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- RY5e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e2“better root growth performance and higher leaf and root APase activities were observed with RY2 compared to RY5”
Claim · model-written summary
RY2 had higher leaf and root APase activities than RY5.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Material
- RY2e2
- Gene
- APasee2
- Outcome
- leaf and root APase activitiese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- RY5e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e2“better root growth performance and higher leaf and root APase activities were observed with RY2 compared to RY5”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA-seq of RY2 roots revealed 8,348 genes differentially expressed under P deficient and sufficient conditions.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Material
- RY2e4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- P deficient and sufficient conditionse4
- Outcome
- genes that were differentially expressede4
- Value
- 8,348 genese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e4“RNA-seq analysis revealed 8,348 genes that were differentially expressed under P deficient and sufficient conditions in RY2 roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Many Pi starvation regulated genes in stylo are associated with P metabolic process, protein modification process, transport and other metabolic processes.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Outcome
- Pi starvation regulated genese5
- Qualifier
- associated with P metabolic process, protein modification process, transport and other metabolic processese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e5“with many Pi starvation regulated genes associated with P metabolic process, protein modification process, transport and other metabolic processes”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed genes involved in Pi uptake and Pi homeostasis were identified, including genes for a Pi transporter, purple acid phosphatase and MATE.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Gene
- Pi transporter (PT), purple acid phosphatase (PAP), and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE)e6
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in Pi uptake and Pi homeostasise6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e6“A group of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in Pi uptake and Pi homeostasis were identified, such as genes encoding Pi transporter (PT), purple acid phosphatase (PAP), and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes related to transcription factors and regulators of Pi signaling were regulated by P deficiency in stylo roots.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Organ / stage
- stylo rootse7
- Treatment
- P deficiencye7
- Gene
- PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1-like (PHR1)e7
- Outcome
- genes related to transcription factors and regulators involved in Pi signalinge7
- Qualifier
- WRKY and the SYG1/PHO81/XPR1 (SPX) domaine7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e7“a variety of genes related to transcription factors and regulators involved in Pi signaling, including genes belonging to the PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1-like (PHR1), WRKY and the SYG1/PHO81/XPR1 (SPX) domain, were also regulated by P deficiency in stylo roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-P tolerance in stylo is probably manifested through regulation of root growth, Pi acquisition, cellular Pi homeostasis and the Pi signaling pathway.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Outcome
- low-P tolerancee2
- Qualifier
- regulation of root growth, Pi acquisition and cellular Pi homeostasis as well as Pi signaling pathwaye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e2“The low-P tolerance in stylo is probably manifested through regulation of root growth, Pi acquisition and cellular Pi homeostasis as well as Pi signaling pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
The identified genes may be used to design breeding strategies for P-efficient stylo cultivars grown on acid soils in the tropics.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensise1
- Outcome
- breeding strategy for developing P-efficient stylo cultivarse3
- Setting
- acid soils in the tropicse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) is an important tropical legume”
e3“The identified genes involved in low-P tolerance can be potentially used to design the breeding strategy for developing P-efficient stylo cultivars to grow on acid soils in the tropics”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · nutrient: content · Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
phosphorus · growth · Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.