Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the leaf antioxidative responses of three wheat varieties (Srpanjka, Divana, and Simonida) treated with two different forms of zinc (Zn), Zn-sulfate and Zn-EDTA, in concentrations commonly used in agronomic biofortification. Zn concentration was significantly higher in the flag leaves of all three wheat varieties treated with Zn-EDTA compared to control and leaves treated with Zn-sulfate. Both forms of Zn increased malondialdehyde level and total phenolics content in varieties Srpanjka and Divana. Total glutathione content was not affected after the Zn treatment. Zn-sulfate increased the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) in both Srpanjka and Divana, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) was only induced in var. Srpanjka. Chelate form of Zn increased the activities of GST and GPOD in both Simonida and Divana. Catalase activity was shown to be less sensitive to Zn treatment and was only induced in var. Srpanjka treated with Zn-EDTA where GPOD activity was not induced. Concentrations of Zn used for agronomic biofortification can induce oxidative stress in wheat leaves. The antioxidative status of wheat leaves could be a good indicator of Zn tolerance, whereas wheat genotype and chemical form of Zn are the most critical factors influencing Zn toxicity.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-EDTA significantly increased Zn concentration in the flag leaves of all three wheat varieties compared with control and Zn-sulfate.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Srpanjka, Divana, and Simonidae0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese1
- Treatment
- Zn-EDTAe1
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- control and leaves treated with Zn-sulfatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e0“three wheat varieties (Srpanjka, Divana, and Simonida)”
e1“Zn concentration was significantly higher in the flag leaves of all three wheat varieties treated with Zn-EDTA compared to control and leaves treated with Zn-sulfate”
Claim · model-written summary
Both forms of Zn increased malondialdehyde level in Srpanjka and Divana.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Srpanjka and Divanae2
- Treatment
- Both forms of Zne2
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde levele2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e2“Both forms of Zn increased malondialdehyde level and total phenolics content in varieties Srpanjka and Divana”
Claim · model-written summary
Both forms of Zn increased total phenolics content in Srpanjka and Divana.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Srpanjka and Divanae2
- Treatment
- Both forms of Zne2
- Outcome
- total phenolics contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e2“Both forms of Zn increased malondialdehyde level and total phenolics content in varieties Srpanjka and Divana”
Claim · model-written summary
Total glutathione content was not affected by the Zn treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn treatmente3
- Outcome
- Total glutathione contente3
- Direction
- not affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e3“Total glutathione content was not affected after the Zn treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-sulfate increased glutathione reductase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in Srpanjka and Divana.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Srpanjka and Divanae4
- Treatment
- Zn-sulfatee4
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD)e4
- Outcome
- activitiese4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e4“Zn-sulfate increased the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) in both Srpanjka and Divana, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) was only induced in var. Srpanjka”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-sulfate induced glutathione S-transferase activity only in Srpanjka.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- var. Srpanjkae4
- Treatment
- Zn-sulfatee4
- Gene
- glutathione S-transferase (GST)e4
- Outcome
- activitiese4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e4“Zn-sulfate increased the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) in both Srpanjka and Divana, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) was only induced in var. Srpanjka”
Claim · model-written summary
Chelated Zn increased glutathione S-transferase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in Simonida and Divana.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Simonida and Divanae5
- Treatment
- Chelate form of Zne5
- Gene
- GST and GPODe5
- Outcome
- activitiese5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e5“Chelate form of Zn increased the activities of GST and GPOD in both Simonida and Divana”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity was less sensitive to Zn treatment than the other enzymes measured.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn treatmente6
- Gene
- Catalasee6
- Outcome
- activitye6
- Direction
- less sensitivee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e6“Catalase activity was shown to be less sensitive to Zn treatment and was only induced in var. Srpanjka treated with Zn-EDTA where GPOD activity was not induced”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-EDTA induced catalase activity only in Srpanjka.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- var. Srpanjkae6
- Treatment
- Zn-EDTAe6
- Gene
- Catalasee6
- Outcome
- activitye6
- Direction
- inducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e6“Catalase activity was shown to be less sensitive to Zn treatment and was only induced in var. Srpanjka treated with Zn-EDTA where GPOD activity was not induced”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-EDTA did not induce guaiacol peroxidase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status”
e6“Catalase activity was shown to be less sensitive to Zn treatment and was only induced in var. Srpanjka treated with Zn-EDTA where GPOD activity was not induced”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrations of Zn used for agronomic biofortification can induce oxidative stress in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- Concentrations of Zn used for agronomic biofortificatione6
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse6
- Direction
- inducee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Concentrations of Zn used for agronomic biofortification can induce oxidative stress in wheat leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The antioxidative status of wheat leaves may indicate Zn tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Outcome
- Zn tolerancee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The antioxidative status of wheat leaves could be a good indicator of Zn tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat genotype and chemical form of Zn are the most critical factors influencing Zn toxicity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Material
- wheat genotypee7
- Treatment
- chemical form of Zne7
- Outcome
- Zn toxicitye7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“wheat genotype and chemical form of Zn are the most critical factors influencing Zn toxicity”
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