Abstract
Abstract The negative impact of climate change causes extreme weather become unpredictable, leading to flood and drought. In acid sulfate soil, El Nino increases pyrite oxidation which causes sulfate and iron toxicity when flood comes. Iron toxicity in plants is caused by excess concentrations of iron Ferro (Fe 2+ ) in the soil solution. This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe 2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils. The research was conducted in the Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute (ISARI) Greenhouse from August to December 2020, using a completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor: actual acid sulfate soil (AASS) and potential acid sulfate soil (PASS), the second factor: waterlogging without leaching (-SL) and soil leaching (+SL), and the third factor: without organic matter (OM) and with organic matter (+OM). The results showed that soil leaching and adding organic matter decreased Fe 2+ concentration, thereby increasing root length, relative water content, width of stomata, leaf K and Mg content, root-shoot dry weight, number of grain and crop yield. In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter, the leaching and organic matter treatment in AASS showed the lowest increase in Fe 2+ concentration from 123.4 to 241.9 ppm and increased yield from 3.13 to 3.80 ton ha −1 . Whereas in PASS, the leaching and organic matter treatment showed the highest decrease in Fe 2+ concentration from 2,298.7 to 686.6 ppm and increased crop yield from 2.39 to 2.77 ton ha −1 .
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soil leaching and organic matter decreased Fe2+ concentration in rice soil compared with no leaching and no organic matter.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- soil leaching and adding organic mattere1
- Outcome
- Fe 2+ concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- without leaching and organic mattere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe 2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils”
e1“soil leaching and adding organic matter decreased Fe 2+ concentration, thereby increasing root length, relative water content, width of stomata, leaf K and Mg content, root-shoot dry weight, number of grain and crop yield”
e2“In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil leaching and organic matter increased root length, relative water content and width of stomata in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- soil leaching and adding organic mattere1
- Outcome
- root length, relative water content, width of stomatae1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Comparator
- without leaching and organic mattere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe 2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils”
e1“soil leaching and adding organic matter decreased Fe 2+ concentration, thereby increasing root length, relative water content, width of stomata, leaf K and Mg content, root-shoot dry weight, number of grain and crop yield”
e2“In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil leaching and organic matter increased leaf K and Mg content in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- soil leaching and adding organic mattere1
- Outcome
- leaf K and Mg contente1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Comparator
- without leaching and organic mattere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe 2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils”
e1“soil leaching and adding organic matter decreased Fe 2+ concentration, thereby increasing root length, relative water content, width of stomata, leaf K and Mg content, root-shoot dry weight, number of grain and crop yield”
e2“In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil leaching and organic matter increased root-shoot dry weight and number of grain in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- soil leaching and adding organic mattere1
- Outcome
- root-shoot dry weight, number of graine1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Comparator
- without leaching and organic mattere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe 2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils”
e1“soil leaching and adding organic matter decreased Fe 2+ concentration, thereby increasing root length, relative water content, width of stomata, leaf K and Mg content, root-shoot dry weight, number of grain and crop yield”
e2“In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
In AASS, the leaching and organic matter treatment increased rice yield from 3.13 to 3.80 ton ha −1 compared with no leaching and no organic matter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- the leaching and organic matter treatmente3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- from 3.13 to 3.80 ton ha −1e3
- Qualifier
- in AASSe3
- Comparator
- without leaching and organic mattere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe 2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils”
e2“In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter”
e3“the leaching and organic matter treatment in AASS showed the lowest increase in Fe 2+ concentration from 123.4 to 241.9 ppm and increased yield from 3.13 to 3.80 ton ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
In PASS, the leaching and organic matter treatment increased rice crop yield from 2.39 to 2.77 ton ha −1 compared with no leaching and no organic matter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- the leaching and organic matter treatmente4
- Outcome
- crop yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- from 2.39 to 2.77 ton ha −1e4
- Qualifier
- in PASSe4
- Comparator
- without leaching and organic mattere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe 2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils”
e2“In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter”
e4“Whereas in PASS, the leaching and organic matter treatment showed the highest decrease in Fe 2+ concentration from 2,298.7 to 686.6 ppm and increased crop yield from 2.39 to 2.77 ton ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
In AASS, the leaching and organic matter treatment increased Fe2+ concentration from 123.4 to 241.9 ppm, the lowest increase among treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- the leaching and organic matter treatmente3
- Outcome
- Fe 2+ concentratione3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- from 123.4 to 241.9 ppme3
- Qualifier
- in AASSe3
- Comparator
- without leaching and organic mattere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe 2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils”
e2“In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter”
e3“the leaching and organic matter treatment in AASS showed the lowest increase in Fe 2+ concentration from 123.4 to 241.9 ppm and increased yield from 3.13 to 3.80 ton ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
In PASS, the leaching and organic matter treatment decreased Fe2+ concentration from 2,298.7 to 686.6 ppm, the highest decrease among treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- the leaching and organic matter treatmente4
- Outcome
- Fe 2+ concentratione4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Value
- from 2,298.7 to 686.6 ppme4
- Qualifier
- in PASSe4
- Comparator
- without leaching and organic mattere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe 2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils”
e2“In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter”
e4“Whereas in PASS, the leaching and organic matter treatment showed the highest decrease in Fe 2+ concentration from 2,298.7 to 686.6 ppm and increased crop yield from 2.39 to 2.77 ton ha −1”
The same questions in other papers
organic · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
63 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
75 papers more in this group
See all 79 papers →organic · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →organic · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
95 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
102 papers more in this group
See all 106 papers →organic · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
278 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
323 papers more in this group
See all 327 papers →organic · physiology: gas exchange · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.