Abstract
Crop residue management and water saving are the two major issues for the sustainability of the rice-wheat cropping system. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design to study the combined effect of three rice residues (residue incorporation (RI), residue standing (RS) and residue removal (RR) and two wheat residue incorporation (WI) and residue removal (WR) management in main plots and two irrigation regimes, i.e., flood (F) and surface drip (SD) in subplots on the growth and water productivity of direct seeded rice (DSR). During both years, RI-WI resulted in significantly higher plant height (PH), leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation (DMA) than in other residue management treatments. Drip irrigation significantly increased PH, LAI, DMA grain yield, straw, and biological yield, along with a 9.6% irrigation water savings over flood irrigation. During both years, grain yield, straw and biological yield of DSR were significantly higher in RI-WI than in RR-WR and RR-WI. RI-WI had significantly greater apparent water productivity (AWP) and actual water productivity (RWP) of DSR. Drip irrigation had significantly higher AWP and RWP during both years than flood irrigation except RWP during 2017. Transpiration efficiency (TE) in rice residue incorporation was significantly higher than in rice residue standing and removal. During both years, the TE of drip irrigation was also significantly higher than flood irrigation. So, incorporating rice and wheat residues along with drip irrigation improves crop growth and water productivity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
RI-WI produced significantly greater plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation than other residue treatments in both years.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- RI-WIe0
- Outcome
- plant height (PH), leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation (DMA)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both yearse0
- Comparator
- other residue management treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During both years, RI-WI resulted in significantly higher plant height (PH), leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation (DMA) than in other residue management treatments.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation significantly increased plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation relative to flood irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- PH, LAI, DMAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- flood irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drip irrigation significantly increased PH, LAI, DMA grain yield, straw, and biological yield, along with a 9.6% irrigation water savings over flood irrigation.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation significantly increased grain, straw, and biological yield relative to flood irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- grain yield, straw, and biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- flood irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drip irrigation significantly increased PH, LAI, DMA grain yield, straw, and biological yield, along with a 9.6% irrigation water savings over flood irrigation.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation saved 9.6% irrigation water relative to flood irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drip irrigationt0
- Outcome
- irrigation water savingse0
- Direction
- savingse0
- Value
- 9.6%e0
- Comparator
- flood irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“9.6% irrigation water savings over flood irrigation”
t0“drip irrigation on crop growth and water productivity of direct seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RI-WI significantly increased grain, straw, and biological yield over RR-WR and RR-WI in both years.
Verbatim
e0“During both years, grain yield, straw and biological yield of DSR were significantly higher in RI-WI than in RR-WR and RR-WI.”
Claim · model-written summary
RI-WI had significantly greater apparent and actual water productivity of direct seeded rice.
- Taxon
- DSRe0
- Treatment
- RI-WIe0
- Outcome
- apparent water productivity (AWP) and actual water productivity (RWP)e0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“RI-WI had significantly greater apparent water productivity (AWP) and actual water productivity (RWP) of DSR.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation had significantly higher apparent and actual water productivity than flood irrigation in both years, except actual water productivity in 2017.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- AWP and RWPe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- except RWP during 2017e0
- Comparator
- flood irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drip irrigation had significantly higher AWP and RWP during both years than flood irrigation except RWP during 2017.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice residue incorporation gave significantly higher transpiration efficiency than residue standing or removal.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- rice residue incorporatione0
- Outcome
- Transpiration efficiency (TE)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rice residue standing and removale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transpiration efficiency (TE) in rice residue incorporation was significantly higher than in rice residue standing and removal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation gave significantly higher transpiration efficiency than flood irrigation in both years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- TEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both yearse0
- Comparator
- flood irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During both years, the TE of drip irrigation was also significantly higher than flood irrigation.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that combining rice and wheat residue incorporation with drip irrigation improves crop growth and water productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- incorporating rice and wheat residues along with drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- crop growth and water productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incorporating rice and wheat residues along with drip irrigation improves crop growth and water productivity.”
t0“rice”
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