Abstract
Efficient cultivation methods were investigated to promote the branding of products in plant factories. Moderate stress can enhance plant constituents that are beneficial for human health, without reducing yield. Dehydration stress in lettuce rhizospheres increased some antioxidants, including L-ascorbic acid (AsA) and polyphenols. In this study, the major factors contributing to the augmentation of antioxidant constituents were investigated. The drought treatment resulted in increased hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values but not hydrophobic ORAC values. Both activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) were elevated under drought conditions. RNA-seq analysis revealed 33 upregulated and 115 downregulated differentially expressed genes, and 40 gene ontology enrichment categories. A dehydrin gene was the most significant among the upregulated genes in response to drought stress. Dehydrin protects plant cells from dryness through multiple functions, such as radical scavenging and protection of enzymes. Real-time PCR validated the substantial increase in some dehydrin paralogs with root desiccation. In conclusion, the enhancement of antioxidant levels by drought stress is likely not due to the induction of antioxidant enzyme genes, but due to increased enzymic activities. These activities might be protected by dehydrins encoded by the upregulated paralogs under drought stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Drought raised hydrophilic ORAC values.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- drought treatmente0
- Outcome
- hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) valuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The drought treatment resulted in increased hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values but not hydrophobic ORAC values”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought did not raise hydrophobic ORAC values.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- drought treatmente0
- Outcome
- hydrophobic ORAC valuese0
- Direction
- but note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The drought treatment resulted in increased hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values but not hydrophobic ORAC values”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity rose under drought.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) were elevated under drought conditions”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate peroxidase activity rose under drought.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) were elevated under drought conditions”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA sequencing found 33 upregulated differentially expressed genes.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 33e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA-seq analysis revealed 33 upregulated and 115 downregulated differentially expressed genes”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA sequencing found 115 downregulated differentially expressed genes.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genese0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Value
- 115e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA-seq analysis revealed 33 upregulated and 115 downregulated differentially expressed genes”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA sequencing identified 40 gene ontology enrichment categories.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- gene ontology enrichment categoriese0
- Value
- 40e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 40 gene ontology enrichment categories”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
A dehydrin gene was the most significant upregulated gene under drought.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- dehydrin genee0
- Outcome
- upregulated genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A dehydrin gene was the most significant among the upregulated genes in response to drought stress”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
PCR validated increased dehydrin paralogs with root desiccation.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- root desiccatione0
- Gene
- dehydrin paralogse0
- Outcome
- dehydrin paralogse0
- Direction
- substantial increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Real-time PCR validated the substantial increase in some dehydrin paralogs with root desiccation”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute antioxidant enhancement to higher enzyme activity rather than induction of enzyme genes.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- enhancement of antioxidant levelse0
- Qualifier
- increased enzymic activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enhancement of antioxidant levels by drought stress is likely not due to the induction of antioxidant enzyme genes, but due to increased enzymic activities”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that upregulated dehydrins protect antioxidant enzyme activities during drought.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- dehydrinse0
- Outcome
- These activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These activities might be protected by dehydrins encoded by the upregulated paralogs under drought stress”
t0“Lettuce”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
drought · molecular: metabolites · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.