Abstract
This study was conducted to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of Rhizoctonia solani damping off in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The efficacy of seed presoaking in Vitex agnus-castus essential oils and foliar sprays with 50 ppm ZnO NPs in controlling the pathogen was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration of V. agnus-castus essential oils (400 μl/L) caused a significant decrease in mycelial growth and the productivity of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) of R. solani in vitro test. And also, Polygalacturonase, polymethyl-galacturonase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase retained only about of its relative enzyme activities 10.5, 14.9, 8.8, 0%, respectively. The combination between seed presoaking in Vitex agnus-castus essential oils and foliar spray with ZnO NPs was found to be more effectivethan each of them separately, in reduction of disease incidence and enhance the seed germination percentage from 62% in infected untreated plants to 87% in infected plants exposed to dual treatment. Our results revealed that the content of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid), total flavonoids, total phenolics, tannins, proline, glycine betaine, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant capacity and mineral composition (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and zinc) were significantly higher in the infected plants received the dual treatment as compared with the untreated infected plants. Moreover, CWDEs, H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation significantly decreased in infected plants received the dual treatment as compared with the untreated infected plants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Vitex oil reduced R. solani mycelial growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- V. agnus-castus essential oils (400 μl/L)e0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. agnus-castus essential oils (400 μl/L) caused a significant decrease in mycelial growth and the productivity of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) of R. solani in vitro test”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitex oil reduced R. solani cell wall degrading enzyme production in vitro.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- V. agnus-castus essential oils (400 μl/L)e0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- productivity of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) of R. solanie0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. agnus-castus essential oils (400 μl/L) caused a significant decrease in mycelial growth and the productivity of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) of R. solani in vitro test”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The dual treatment reduced disease incidence more effectively than either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- seed presoaking in Vitex agnus-castus essential oils and foliar spray with ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- each of them separatelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination between seed presoaking in Vitex agnus-castus essential oils and foliar spray with ZnO NPs was found to be more effectivethan each of them separately, in reduction of disease incidence”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual treatment increased infected bean seed germination from 62% to 87%.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- dual treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed germination percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Value
- 87%e0
- Qualifier
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- infected untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhance the seed germination percentage from 62% in infected untreated plants to 87% in infected plants exposed to dual treatment”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual treatment significantly raised antioxidant, metabolite and mineral measures in infected plants.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- dual treatmente0
- Outcome
- content of enzymatic antioxidantse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid), total flavonoids, total phenolics, tannins, proline, glycine betaine, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant capacity and mineral composition (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and zinc)e0
- Comparator
- untreated infected plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid), total flavonoids, total phenolics, tannins, proline, glycine betaine, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant capacity and mineral composition (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and zinc) were significantly higher in the infected plants received the dual treatment as compared with the untreated infected plants”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual treatment significantly decreased CWDEs, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation in infected plants.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- dual treatmente0
- Outcome
- CWDEs, H2O2 content and lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- untreated infected plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CWDEs, H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation significantly decreased in infected plants received the dual treatment as compared with the untreated infected plants”
t0“common bean”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
botanical · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →application · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →botanical · Rhizoctonia solani · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.