Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment of wheat with the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) has been shown to affect Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease severity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the elicited phenotypes remain unclear. Toward addressing this gap in our knowledge, global transcriptomic profiling was applied to the FHB-susceptible wheat cultivar 'Fielder' to map the regulatory responses effected upon treatment with ABA, an ABA receptor antagonist (AS6), or GA in the presence or absence of Fusarium graminearum (Fg) challenge. RESULTS: Spike treatments resulted in a total of 30,876 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in 'Fielder' (26,004) and the Fg (4872) pathogen. Topology overlap and correlation analyses defined 9689 wheat DEGs as Fg-related across the treatments. Further enrichment analyses demonstrated that these included expression changes within 'Fielder' defense responses, cell structural metabolism, molecular transport, and membrane/lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of ABA and GA crosstalk arising from repression of 'Fielder' FUS3 was noted. As well, expression of a putative Fg ABA-biosynthetic cytochrome P450 was detected. The co-applied condition of Fg + ABA elicited further up-regulation of phytohormone biosynthesis, as well as SA and ET signaling pathways and cell wall/polyphenolic metabolism. In contrast, co-applied Fg + GA mainly suppressed phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, while modulating primary and secondary metabolism and flowering. Unexpectedly, co-applied Fg + AS6 did not affect ABA biosynthesis or signaling, but rather elicited antagonistic responses tied to stress, phytohormone transport, and FHB disease-related genes. CONCLUSIONS: Observed exacerbation (misregulation) of classical defense mechanisms and cell wall fortifications upon ABA treatment are consistent with its ability to promote FHB severity and its proposed role as a fungal effector. In contrast, GA was found to modulate primary and secondary metabolism, suggesting a general metabolic shift underlying its reduction in FHB severity. While AS6 did not antagonize traditional ABA pathways, its impact on host defense and Fg responses imply potential for future investigation. Overall, by comparing these findings to those previously reported for four additional plant genotypes, an additive model of the wheat-Fg interaction is proposed in the context of phytohormone responses.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Spike treatments yielded 30,876 differentially expressed genes across wheat and Fusarium graminearum.
Verbatim
e0“Spike treatments resulted in a total of 30,876 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in 'Fielder' (26,004) and the Fg (4872) pathogen.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fielder had 26,004 differentially expressed genes.
Verbatim
e0“'Fielder' (26,004) and the Fg (4872) pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium graminearum had 4,872 differentially expressed genes.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- Fge0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fge0
- Value
- 4872e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Fg (4872) pathogen”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Across treatments, 9,689 wheat differentially expressed genes were related to Fg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Fge0pathogen
- Outcome
- wheat DEGse0
- Value
- 9689e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Topology overlap and correlation analyses defined 9689 wheat DEGs as Fg-related across the treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg-related genes included changes in defense, cell structural metabolism, molecular transport and membrane or lipid metabolism.
Verbatim
e0“these included expression changes within 'Fielder' defense responses, cell structural metabolism, molecular transport, and membrane/lipid metabolism.”
Claim · model-written summary
FUS3 repression was associated with dysregulated ABA and GA crosstalk.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Dysregulation of ABA and GA crosstalk arising from repression of 'Fielder' FUS3 was noted.”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of a putative Fg ABA biosynthetic cytochrome P450 was detected.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Fge0pathogen
- Gene
- Fg ABA-biosynthetic cytochrome P450e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of a putative Fg ABA-biosynthetic cytochrome P450 was detected.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applied Fg and ABA increased phytohormone biosynthesis, SA and ET signaling, and cell wall or polyphenolic metabolism.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fg + ABAe0
- Interactor
- Fge0pathogen
- Outcome
- phytohormone biosynthesis, as well as SA and ET signaling pathways and cell wall/polyphenolic metabolisme0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-applied condition of Fg + ABA elicited further up-regulation of phytohormone biosynthesis, as well as SA and ET signaling pathways and cell wall/polyphenolic metabolism.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applied Fg and GA suppressed phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fg + GAe0
- Interactor
- Fge0pathogen
- Outcome
- phytohormone biosynthesis and signalinge0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-applied Fg + GA mainly suppressed phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applied Fg and GA modulated primary and secondary metabolism and flowering.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fg + GAe0
- Interactor
- Fge0pathogen
- Outcome
- primary and secondary metabolism and floweringe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-applied Fg + GA mainly suppressed phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, while modulating primary and secondary metabolism and flowering.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applied Fg and AS6 did not affect ABA biosynthesis or signaling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fg + AS6e0
- Interactor
- Fge0pathogen
- Outcome
- ABA biosynthesis or signalinge0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-applied Fg + AS6 did not affect ABA biosynthesis or signaling”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applied Fg and AS6 elicited antagonistic stress, phytohormone transport and FHB related gene responses.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fg + AS6e0
- Interactor
- Fge0pathogen
- Outcome
- antagonistic responses tied to stress, phytohormone transport, and FHB disease-related genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-applied Fg + AS6 did not affect ABA biosynthesis or signaling, but rather elicited antagonistic responses tied to stress, phytohormone transport, and FHB disease-related genes.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment exacerbated classical defense mechanisms and cell wall fortifications.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- classical defense mechanisms and cell wall fortificationse0
- Direction
- exacerbatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Observed exacerbation (misregulation) of classical defense mechanisms and cell wall fortifications upon ABA treatment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GA modulated primary and secondary metabolism, suggesting a metabolic shift linked to lower FHB severity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- reduction in FHB severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- general metabolic shifte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA was found to modulate primary and secondary metabolism, suggesting a general metabolic shift underlying its reduction in FHB severity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed an additive model of the wheat–Fg interaction in phytohormone responses.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- additive model of the wheat-Fg interactione0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an additive model of the wheat-Fg interaction is proposed in the context of phytohormone responses.”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.