Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASA) are associated with the abscisic acid (ABA)-induced abiotic tolerance in higher plant, however, its molecular mechanism remains obscure. In this study, exogenous application (10 μM) of ABA significantly increased the tolerance of seedlings of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) suffering from 5 days of 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated drought stress, as demonstrated by increased shoot lengths and shoot and root dry weights, while showing decreased content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Under drought stress conditions, ABA markedly increased content of GSH and ASA in both leaves and roots of ABA-treated plants. Temporal and spatial expression patterns of eight genes encoding ASA and GSH synthesis-related enzymes were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that ABA temporally regulated the transcript levels of genes encoding ASA-GSH cycle enzymes. Moreover, these genes exhibited differential expression patterns between the root and leaf organs of ABA-treated wheat seedlings during drought stress. These results implied that exogenous ABA increased the levels of GSH and ASA in drought-stressed wheat seedlings in time- and organ-specific manners. Moreover, the transcriptional profiles of ASA-GSH synthesis-related enzyme genes in the leaf tissue were compared between ABA- and salicylic acid (SA)-treated wheat seedlings under PEG-stimulated drought stress, suggesting that they increased the content of ASA and GSH by differentially regulating expression levels of ASA-GSH synthesis enzyme genes. Our results increase our understanding of the molecular mechanism of ABA-induced drought tolerance in higher plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased drought tolerance of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- exogenous application (10 μM) of ABAe0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 5 days of 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application (10 μM) of ABA significantly increased the tolerance of seedlings of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) suffering from 5 days of 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased shoot lengths under drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased shoot lengths and shoot and root dry weights”
t0“wheat seedlings”
e1“exogenous application (10 μM) of ABA significantly increased the tolerance of seedlings of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) suffering from 5 days of 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased shoot and root dry weights under drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased shoot lengths and shoot and root dry weights”
t0“wheat seedlings”
e1“exogenous application (10 μM) of ABA significantly increased the tolerance of seedlings of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) suffering from 5 days of 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA decreased hydrogen peroxide content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA)”
t0“wheat seedlings”
e1“exogenous application (10 μM) of ABA significantly increased the tolerance of seedlings of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) suffering from 5 days of 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA decreased malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA)”
t0“wheat seedlings”
e1“exogenous application (10 μM) of ABA significantly increased the tolerance of seedlings of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) suffering from 5 days of 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA raised GSH content in wheat leaves and roots under drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- content of GSHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA markedly increased content of GSH and ASA in both leaves and roots of ABA-treated plants”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA raised ASA content in wheat leaves and roots under drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- ASAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA markedly increased content of GSH and ASA in both leaves and roots of ABA-treated plants”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA regulated transcripts of ASA-GSH cycle enzyme genes over time.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- genes encoding ASA-GSH cycle enzymese0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA temporally regulated the transcript levels of genes encoding ASA-GSH cycle enzymes”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The genes showed different expression patterns in roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- root and leaf organse0
- Treatment
- ABA-treatede0
- Outcome
- differential expression patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these genes exhibited differential expression patterns between the root and leaf organs of ABA-treated wheat seedlings during drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA and SA differentially regulated ASA-GSH synthesis enzyme gene expression in leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- ASA-GSH synthesis enzyme genese0
- Outcome
- expression levels of ASA-GSH synthesis enzyme genese0
- Qualifier
- differentially regulatinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they increased the content of ASA and GSH by differentially regulating expression levels of ASA-GSH synthesis enzyme genes”
t0“wheat seedlings”
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