Abstract
Although the roles of salicylate (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have been well-characterized in Fusarium head blight (FHB)-infected cereals, the roles of other phytohormones remain more ambiguous. Here, the association between an array of phytohormones and FHB pathogenesis in wheat is investigated. Comprehensive profiling of endogenous hormones demonstrated altered cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), and JA metabolism in a FHB-resistant cultivar, whereas challenge by Fusarium graminearum increased abscisic acid (ABA), JA, and SA in both FHB-susceptible and -resistant cultivars. Subsequent investigation of ABA or GA coapplication with fungal challenge increased and decreased FHB spread, respectively. These phytohormones-induced effects may be attributed to alteration of the F. graminearum transcriptome because ABA promoted expression of early-infection genes, including hydrolases and cytoskeletal reorganization genes, while GA suppressed nitrogen metabolic gene expression. Neither ABA nor GA elicited significant effects on F. graminearum fungal growth or sporulation in axenic conditions, nor do these phytohormones affect trichothecene gene expression, deoxynivalenol mycotoxin accumulation, or SA/JA biosynthesis in F. graminearum-challenged wheat spikes. Finally, the combined application of GA and paclobutrazol, a Fusarium fungicide, provided additive effects on reducing FHB severity, highlighting the potential for combining fungicidal agents with select phytohormone-related treatments for management of FHB infection in wheat.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A resistant wheat cultivar showed altered cytokinin, GA and JA metabolism.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- FHB-resistant cultivare0
- Outcome
- cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), and JA metabolisme0
- Direction
- alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comprehensive profiling of endogenous hormones demonstrated altered cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), and JA metabolism in a FHB-resistant cultivar”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium challenge increased ABA, JA and SA in both susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- challenge by Fusarium graminearume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA), JA, and SAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“challenge by Fusarium graminearum increased abscisic acid (ABA), JA, and SA in both FHB-susceptible and -resistant cultivars”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA coapplication increased FHB spread in challenged wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- FHB spreade0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequent investigation of ABA or GA coapplication with fungal challenge increased and decreased FHB spread, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GA coapplication decreased FHB spread in challenged wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- FHB spreade0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequent investigation of ABA or GA coapplication with fungal challenge increased and decreased FHB spread, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA promoted expression of early infection genes in Fusarium graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Gene
- hydrolases and cytoskeletal reorganization genese0
- Outcome
- expression of early-infection genese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA promoted expression of early-infection genes, including hydrolases and cytoskeletal reorganization genes”
e1“F. graminearum transcriptome”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GA suppressed nitrogen metabolic gene expression in Fusarium graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- nitrogen metabolic gene expressione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA suppressed nitrogen metabolic gene expression.”
e1“F. graminearum transcriptome”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither ABA nor GA significantly affected fungal growth or sporulation in axenic conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABA nor GAe0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. graminearum fungal growth or sporulatione0
- Direction
- Neithere0
- Setting
- axenic conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither ABA nor GA elicited significant effects on F. graminearum fungal growth or sporulation in axenic conditions”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA and GA did not affect trichothecene gene expression, deoxynivalenol accumulation, or SA/JA biosynthesis in infected wheat spikes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- spikese0
- Treatment
- these phytohormonese0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- trichothecene gene expression, deoxynivalenol mycotoxin accumulation, or SA/JA biosynthesise0
- Direction
- nor doe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nor do these phytohormones affect trichothecene gene expression, deoxynivalenol mycotoxin accumulation, or SA/JA biosynthesis in F. graminearum-challenged wheat spikes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA and paclobutrazol combined had additive effects in reducing FHB severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of GA and paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- FHB severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of GA and paclobutrazol, a Fusarium fungicide, provided additive effects on reducing FHB severity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest combining fungicides with selected phytohormone treatments to manage wheat FHB.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- combining fungicidal agents with select phytohormone-related treatments for management of FHB infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highlighting the potential for combining fungicidal agents with select phytohormone-related treatments for management of FHB infection in wheat”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
(+)-abscisic acid · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →paclobutrazol · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →class · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.