Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for plants, whose deficiency in alkaline soils creates hurdles in the achievement of optimum crop growth. Moreover, overuse of phosphorus (P) fertilizers often causes Zn immobilization in the soil. The employment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be potentially environmentally friendly technology in this regard. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the beneficial role of AMF (Glomus species) on maize under low and high P and Zn levels. Seven levels of Zn (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mg Zn kg−1 soil ZnSO4·7H2O) and three levels of P (0, 14.5, 29 and 58 kg ac−1 as single superphosphate) were applied with (M+) and without AMF (M−). The results showed that a high application rate of Zn (100 and 120 mg Zn kg−1 soil) restricted P translocation in plants and vice versa. Moreover, the nutritional status of mycorrhizal plants (AM) was better than non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants. AM plants showed a maximum positive response at 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil, or 29 kg P ac−1. In response to 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil, root colonization was maximum, which enhanced the maize nutrient concentration in shoots. In conclusion, AMF inoculation (M+) with P (29 kg ac−1) and Zn (20 mg kg−1) is efficacious for improving maize’s growth and nutrition. More investigations are suggested at the field level under different agroclimatic zones to ascertain whether P (29 kg ac−1) or Zn (20 mg kg−1) with AMF is the best treatment for maize growth optimization.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
High zinc application restricted phosphorus translocation in maize.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high application rate of Zn (100 and 120 mg Zn kg−1 soil) restricted P translocation in plants”
t0“Maize”
t1“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
High phosphorus application restricted zinc translocation in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high application rate of Zn (100 and 120 mg Zn kg−1 soil) restricted P translocation in plants and vice versa”
t0“Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal maize had better nutritional status than non-mycorrhizal maize.
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plants (AM)e0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungit1symbiont
- Outcome
- nutritional statuse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal (NM) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutritional status of mycorrhizal plants (AM) was better than non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants”
t0“Maize”
t1“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
AM plants had maximal positive response at 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil.
- Treatment
- 20 mg Zn kg−1 soile0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungit1symbiont
- Outcome
- positive responsee0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AM plants showed a maximum positive response at 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil, or 29 kg P ac−1”
t0“Maize”
t1“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
AM plants had maximal positive response at 29 kg P ac−1.
- Treatment
- 29 kg P ac−1e0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungit1symbiont
- Outcome
- positive responsee0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AM plants showed a maximum positive response at 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil, or 29 kg P ac−1”
t0“Maize”
t1“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Root colonization was maximal with 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil.
- Treatment
- 20 mg Zn kg−1 soile0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungit1symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonizatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil, root colonization was maximum”
t0“Maize”
t1“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximal colonization enhanced maize shoot nutrient concentration.
- Interactor
- AMFt0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient concentration in shootse0
- Qualifier
- root colonization was maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root colonization was maximum, which enhanced the maize nutrient concentration in shoots”
t0“AMF (Glomus species)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that AMF inoculation with 29 kg P ac−1 and 20 mg kg−1 Zn improves maize growth and nutrition.
- Treatment
- AMF inoculation (M+) with P (29 kg ac−1) and Zn (20 mg kg−1)e0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and nutritione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation (M+) with P (29 kg ac−1) and Zn (20 mg kg−1) is efficacious for improving maize’s growth and nutrition”
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