Abstract
Agricultural ecology environment and human health are seriously threated by aggravating agricultural non-point source and heavy metals pollution. It is of great significance to explore the cumulative effect of crops on heavy metal pollution and its physiological mechanism. A castor (Ricinus communis L.) variety Zibi 5 was used to study the accumulation effect of heavy metals and associated physiological mechanism under heavy metals treatments (Cu, Zn and Cd at 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg L-1 concentrations). The results showed that seedling growth, physiological traits and heavy metals accumulation significantly affected by heavy metal treatments. Plant height was increased to the maximum with 60 mg L-1 and then decreased. However, root length, fresh weight and dry weight were all decreased under heavy metal treatments. In general, SOD activity was decreased at low treatment concentration but increased at high treatment concentration, the highest activity was showed at 120 mg L-1 under Cu and Zn treatments at 10 DAS (days after sowing), which were 45.5% and 31.8% higher than that under CK, respectively. POD activity was first decreased and then increased on 10 DAS, but significantly increased in both 25 DAS and 45 DAS, as well as prominently increased with prolonged the growth periods. Soluble protein was only significantly increased under 120 mg L-1 Cu treatment, and increased by 18.8%, 66.7%, and 83.3% at each growth stage, respectively. MDA content was significantly increased with the increase of treatment concentration and significantly decreased with prolonged the growth periods, and MDA content was significant higher under Cd treatment than that under Cu and Zn treatments. The accumulation contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd in castor plant were gradually increased with the increase of treatment concentration, and the maximum accumulation was at 120 mg L-1 concentration. Among of them, the accumulation of treatment concentration increased, and the maximum accumulation showed at 120 mg L-1 concentration. Among them, the accumulation of Zn was the highest, followed by Cd. The accumulation content of heavy metals in each organ was shown as root > stem > leaf. This study suggested that castor has a certain tolerance to heavy metals, which was increased the antioxidase activity to alleviate heavy metals stress. The castor has organ specificity in heavy metals accumulation. It is an effective approach to plant castor to repair soil pollution by heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, and Cd.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal treatments significantly affected growth, physiology, and accumulation.
- Taxon
- castor
Ricinus communist0 - Treatment
- heavy metal treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seedling growth, physiological traits and heavy metals accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling growth, physiological traits and heavy metals accumulation significantly affected by heavy metal treatments.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height peaked at 60 mg L-1 then declined.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 60 mg L-1e0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- increased to the maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height was increased to the maximum with 60 mg L-1 and then decreased.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length, fresh weight, and dry weight declined under metals.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- heavy metal treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root length, fresh weight and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length, fresh weight and dry weight were all decreased under heavy metal treatments.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD activity declined at low concentrations.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- low treatment concentratione0
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SOD activity was decreased at low treatment concentration”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD activity increased at high concentrations.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- high treatment concentratione0
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SOD activity was decreased at low treatment concentration but increased at high treatment concentration”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 DAS and 120 mg L-1 Cu, SOD was 45.5% above CK.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 120 mg L-1 under Cue0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 45.5%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest activity was showed at 120 mg L-1 under Cu and Zn treatments at 10 DAS (days after sowing), which were 45.5% and 31.8% higher than that under CK, respectively.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 DAS and 120 mg L-1 Zn, SOD was 31.8% above CK.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 120 mg L-1 under Cu and Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 31.8%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest activity was showed at 120 mg L-1 under Cu and Zn treatments at 10 DAS (days after sowing), which were 45.5% and 31.8% higher than that under CK, respectively.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
POD declined then rose at 10 DAS.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Outcome
- POD activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POD activity was first decreased and then increased on 10 DAS”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
POD increased significantly at 25 and 45 DAS.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Outcome
- POD activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POD activity was first decreased and then increased on 10 DAS, but significantly increased in both 25 DAS and 45 DAS”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
POD increased with longer growth duration.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Organ / stage
- growth periodse0
- Outcome
- POD activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POD activity was first decreased and then increased on 10 DAS, but significantly increased in both 25 DAS and 45 DAS, as well as prominently increased with prolonged the growth periods.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein rose 18.8% at the first stage under 120 mg L-1 Cu.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 120 mg L-1 Cu treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble protein was only significantly increased under 120 mg L-1 Cu treatment, and increased by 18.8%, 66.7%, and 83.3% at each growth stage, respectively.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein rose 66.7% at the second stage under 120 mg L-1 Cu.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 120 mg L-1 Cu treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 66.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble protein was only significantly increased under 120 mg L-1 Cu treatment, and increased by 18.8%, 66.7%, and 83.3% at each growth stage, respectively.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein rose 83.3% at the third stage under 120 mg L-1 Cu.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 120 mg L-1 Cu treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 83.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble protein was only significantly increased under 120 mg L-1 Cu treatment, and increased by 18.8%, 66.7%, and 83.3% at each growth stage, respectively.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA rose with treatment concentration.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- treatment concentratione0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content was significantly increased with the increase of treatment concentration”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA decreased as growth periods lengthened.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Organ / stage
- growth periodse0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content was significantly increased with the increase of treatment concentration and significantly decreased with prolonged the growth periods”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA was higher under Cd than Cu and Zn.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Cu and Zn treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content was significant higher under Cd treatment than that under Cu and Zn treatments.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu, Zn and Cd accumulation increased with treatment concentration, peaking at 120 mg L-1.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- treatment concentratione0
- Outcome
- accumulation contents of Cu, Zn, and Cde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 120 mg L-1 concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd in castor plant were gradually increased with the increase of treatment concentration, and the maximum accumulation was at 120 mg L-1 concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn accumulation was highest, followed by Cd.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Zne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Cde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation of Zn was the highest, followed by Cd.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal accumulation ranked root above stem above leaf.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communist0
- Organ / stage
- root > stem > leafe0
- Outcome
- accumulation content of heavy metalse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation content of heavy metals in each organ was shown as root > stem > leaf.”
t0“castor”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose castor for heavy metal soil remediation.
- Taxon
- castorRicinus communise0
- Outcome
- plant castor to repair soil pollution by heavy metalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is an effective approach to plant castor to repair soil pollution by heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, and Cd.”
The same questions in other papers
heavy metal · growth · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.