Abstract
Heavy metals pollution represents a serious issue for cultivable lands and ultimately threatens the worldwide food security. Lead (Pb) is a menacing metal which induces toxicity in plants and humans. Lead toxicity reduces the photosynthesis in plants, resulting in the reduction of plant growth and biomass. The excessive concentration of Pb in soil accumulates in plants body and enters into food chain, resulting in health hazards in humans. The phytoremediation is eco-friendly and cost-efficient technique to clean up the polluted soils. However, to the best of our Knowledge, there are very few reports addressing the enhancement of the phytoremediation potential of castor bean plants. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential role of glutathione (GSH), as a promising plant growth regulator, in enhancing the lead stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential of castor bean plants grown under lead stress conditions. The results indicated that Pb stress reduced the growth, biomass, chlorophyll pigments and gas exchange attributes of castor bean plants, causing oxidative damage in plants. Pb stress induced the oxidative stress markers and activities of antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, the application of GSH reduced oxidative stress markers, but enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, Pb accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activities of lead-stressed castor bean plants. Both Pb uptake and Pb accumulation were increased by increasing concentrations of Pb in a dose-additive manner. However, at high dose of exogenous GSH (25 mg L−1) further enhancements were recorded in the Pb uptake in shoot by 48% and in root by 46%; Pb accumulation was further enhanced in shoot by 98% and in root by 101% in comparison with the respective control where no GSH was applied. Taken together, the findings revealed the promising role of GSH in enhancing the lead stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential of castor bean (Ricinus communis) plants cultivated in Pb-polluted soils through regulating leaf gas exchange, antioxidants machinery, and metal uptake.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress reduced growth, biomass.
- Taxon
- castor bean
Ricinus communist0 - Treatment
- Pb stresse0
- Outcome
- growth, biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“Pb stress reduced the growth, biomass, chlorophyll pigments and gas exchange attributes of castor bean plants, causing oxidative damage in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress reduced chlorophyll pigments and gas exchange attributes.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Pb stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll pigments and gas exchange attributese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“Pb stress reduced the growth, biomass, chlorophyll pigments and gas exchange attributes of castor bean plants, causing oxidative damage in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress causing oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Pb stresse0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- causinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“Pb stress reduced the growth, biomass, chlorophyll pigments and gas exchange attributes of castor bean plants, causing oxidative damage in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress induced oxidative stress markers and activities of antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Pb stresse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markers and activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“Pb stress induced the oxidative stress markers and activities of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH reduced oxidative stress markers in lead-stressed castor bean.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- application of GSHe0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markerse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“the application of GSH reduced oxidative stress markers, but enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, Pb accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activities of lead-stressed castor bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH enhanced growth, biomass in lead-stressed castor bean.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- application of GSHe0
- Outcome
- growth, biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“the application of GSH reduced oxidative stress markers, but enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, Pb accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activities of lead-stressed castor bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH enhanced photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes in lead-stressed castor bean.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- application of GSHe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“the application of GSH reduced oxidative stress markers, but enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, Pb accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activities of lead-stressed castor bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH enhanced Pb accumulation in lead-stressed castor bean.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- application of GSHe0
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“the application of GSH reduced oxidative stress markers, but enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, Pb accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activities of lead-stressed castor bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities in lead-stressed castor bean.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- application of GSHe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“the application of GSH reduced oxidative stress markers, but enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, Pb accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activities of lead-stressed castor bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb uptake increased with increasing Pb concentrations.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- increasing concentrations of Pbe0
- Outcome
- Pb uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- dose-additive mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“Both Pb uptake and Pb accumulation were increased by increasing concentrations of Pb in a dose-additive manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb accumulation increased with increasing Pb concentrations.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- increasing concentrations of Pbe0
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- dose-additive mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“Both Pb uptake and Pb accumulation were increased by increasing concentrations of Pb in a dose-additive manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GSH increased Pb uptake in shoot by 48% versus no GSH.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- exogenous GSH (25 mg L−1)e0
- Outcome
- Pb uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Comparator
- respective control where no GSH was appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“at high dose of exogenous GSH (25 mg L−1) further enhancements were recorded in the Pb uptake in shoot by 48% and in root by 46%; Pb accumulation was further enhanced in shoot by 98% and in root by 101% in comparison with the respective control where no GSH was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GSH increased Pb uptake in root by 46% versus no GSH.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- exogenous GSH (25 mg L−1)e0
- Outcome
- Pb uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 46%e0
- Comparator
- respective control where no GSH was appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“at high dose of exogenous GSH (25 mg L−1) further enhancements were recorded in the Pb uptake in shoot by 48% and in root by 46%; Pb accumulation was further enhanced in shoot by 98% and in root by 101% in comparison with the respective control where no GSH was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GSH increased Pb accumulation in shoot by 98% versus no GSH.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- exogenous GSH (25 mg L−1)e0
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 98%e0
- Comparator
- respective control where no GSH was appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“at high dose of exogenous GSH (25 mg L−1) further enhancements were recorded in the Pb uptake in shoot by 48% and in root by 46%; Pb accumulation was further enhanced in shoot by 98% and in root by 101% in comparison with the respective control where no GSH was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GSH increased Pb accumulation in root by 101% versus no GSH.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- exogenous GSH (25 mg L−1)e0
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 101%e0
- Comparator
- respective control where no GSH was appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“at high dose of exogenous GSH (25 mg L−1) further enhancements were recorded in the Pb uptake in shoot by 48% and in root by 46%; Pb accumulation was further enhanced in shoot by 98% and in root by 101% in comparison with the respective control where no GSH was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude GSH enhances lead tolerance and phytoremediation through gas exchange, antioxidant activity and metal uptake.
- Taxon
- castor bean (Ricinus communis)Ricinus communise0
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- lead stress tolerance and phytoremediation potentiale0
- Qualifier
- regulating leaf gas exchange, antioxidants machinery, and metal uptakee0
- Setting
- Pb-polluted soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)”
e0“GSH in enhancing the lead stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential of castor bean (Ricinus communis) plants cultivated in Pb-polluted soils through regulating leaf gas exchange, antioxidants machinery, and metal uptake”
The same questions in other papers
glutathione · physiology: oxidative · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
glutathione · nutrient: content · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
lead atom · physiology: gas exchange · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
lead atom · growth · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
lead atom · physiology: oxidative · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: gas exchange · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
heavy metal · growth · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.