Abstract
The results of the study of the leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding using the methods of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy, are presented. This study revealed common and distinctive signs of morphological and anatomical parameters of C. canescens leaves in the phase of vegetative growth. Among the common features were the shape and size of the leaf laminas, hypostomatic type of the leaf, isolateral structure of the parenchyma, the thick-walled epidermis, and the bilayered hypodermis. Among the distinctive features were the signs of the destruction of cells in the photosynthetic parenchyma, change in their shape with the formation of protuberances at the cells’ poles, and almost doubling area of the aerenchyma in C. canescens leaves under flooding conditions. Scanning electron microscopy showed the similarity of ultrastructure and density of trichomes on the adaxial surface, excepting the formation of cuticular wax structures on the epidermal surface of the leaves in flooded plants. The subcellular localization of silicon inclusions was studied for the first time. The presence of amorphous and small crystalline silicon inclusions in the periclinal walls of the main epidermal cells and amorphous silicon inclusions in leaf trichomes was established. An increase in the relative silicon content along the trichomes in the leaves’ epidermis after flooding was revealed. It was assumed that the phenotypic plasticity of C. canescens, is realized through the increasing area of aerenchyma in leaves and increasing silicon content in trichomes. Such plasticity helps to optimize both the oxygen balance of plants and water balance in flooded plants, thus increasing the species’ resistance to prolonged flooding.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of Corynephorus canescens share the shape and size of the leaf laminas, hypostomatic leaf type and isolateral parenchyma structure.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescens
Corynephorus canescense0 - Organ / stage
- leaves in the phase of vegetative growthe2
- Outcome
- the shape and size of the leaf laminas, hypostomatic type of the leaf, isolateral structure of the parenchymae1
- Setting
- controlled conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e1“Among the common features were the shape and size of the leaf laminas, hypostomatic type of the leaf, isolateral structure of the parenchyma, the thick-walled epidermis, and the bilayered hypodermis”
e2“C. canescens leaves in the phase of vegetative growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of Corynephorus canescens have a thick-walled epidermis and a bilayered hypodermis.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Organ / stage
- leaves in the phase of vegetative growthe2
- Outcome
- the thick-walled epidermis, and the bilayered hypodermise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e1“Among the common features were the shape and size of the leaf laminas, hypostomatic type of the leaf, isolateral structure of the parenchyma, the thick-walled epidermis, and the bilayered hypodermis”
e2“C. canescens leaves in the phase of vegetative growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded Corynephorus canescens leaves showed signs of destruction of cells in the photosynthetic parenchyma.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Organ / stage
- photosynthetic parenchymae3
- Treatment
- flooding conditionse3
- Outcome
- signs of the destruction of cells in the photosynthetic parenchymae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e3“Among the distinctive features were the signs of the destruction of cells in the photosynthetic parenchyma, change in their shape with the formation of protuberances at the cells’ poles, and almost doubling area of the aerenchyma in C. canescens leaves under flooding conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic parenchyma cells of Corynephorus canescens changed shape and formed protuberances at the cell poles under flooding.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Organ / stage
- photosynthetic parenchymae3
- Treatment
- flooding conditionse3
- Outcome
- change in their shape with the formation of protuberances at the cells’ polese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e3“Among the distinctive features were the signs of the destruction of cells in the photosynthetic parenchyma, change in their shape with the formation of protuberances at the cells’ poles, and almost doubling area of the aerenchyma in C. canescens leaves under flooding conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding almost doubled the area of the aerenchyma in Corynephorus canescens leaves.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- flooding conditionse3
- Outcome
- area of the aerenchymae3
- Direction
- almost doublinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e3“Among the distinctive features were the signs of the destruction of cells in the photosynthetic parenchyma, change in their shape with the formation of protuberances at the cells’ poles, and almost doubling area of the aerenchyma in C. canescens leaves under flooding conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Ultrastructure and trichome density on the adaxial leaf surface of Corynephorus canescens were similar in flooded and control plants.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Outcome
- ultrastructure and density of trichomes on the adaxial surfacee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e4“Scanning electron microscopy showed the similarity of ultrastructure and density of trichomes on the adaxial surface, excepting the formation of cuticular wax structures on the epidermal surface of the leaves in flooded plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded Corynephorus canescens plants formed cuticular wax structures on the epidermal surface of the leaves.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Treatment
- flooded plantse4
- Outcome
- the formation of cuticular wax structures on the epidermal surface of the leavese4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e4“Scanning electron microscopy showed the similarity of ultrastructure and density of trichomes on the adaxial surface, excepting the formation of cuticular wax structures on the epidermal surface of the leaves in flooded plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Amorphous and small crystalline silicon inclusions were present in the periclinal walls of the main epidermal cells of Corynephorus canescens leaves.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Organ / stage
- periclinal walls of the main epidermal cellse5
- Outcome
- amorphous and small crystalline silicon inclusionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e5“The presence of amorphous and small crystalline silicon inclusions in the periclinal walls of the main epidermal cells and amorphous silicon inclusions in leaf trichomes was established”
Claim · model-written summary
Amorphous silicon inclusions were present in the leaf trichomes of Corynephorus canescens.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Organ / stage
- leaf trichomese5
- Outcome
- amorphous silicon inclusionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e5“The presence of amorphous and small crystalline silicon inclusions in the periclinal walls of the main epidermal cells and amorphous silicon inclusions in leaf trichomes was established”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative silicon content along the trichomes of Corynephorus canescens leaves increased after flooding.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Organ / stage
- trichomese6
- Treatment
- after floodinge6
- Outcome
- relative silicon content along the trichomese6
- Direction
- An increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e6“An increase in the relative silicon content along the trichomes in the leaves’ epidermis after flooding was revealed”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenotypic plasticity of Corynephorus canescens is assumed to be realized through increasing aerenchyma area in leaves and increasing silicon content in trichomes.
- Taxon
- C. canescensCorynephorus canescense7
- Outcome
- phenotypic plasticitye7
- Qualifier
- increasing area of aerenchyma in leaves and increasing silicon content in trichomese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“It was assumed that the phenotypic plasticity of C. canescens, is realized through the increasing area of aerenchyma in leaves and increasing silicon content in trichomes”
Claim · model-written summary
The phenotypic plasticity of Corynephorus canescens is assumed to optimize oxygen and water balance and increase resistance to prolonged flooding.
- Taxon
- Corynephorus canescensCorynephorus canescense0
- Outcome
- resistance to prolonged floodinge1
- Qualifier
- optimize both the oxygen balance of plants and water balance in flooded plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding”
e1“Such plasticity helps to optimize both the oxygen balance of plants and water balance in flooded plants, thus increasing the species’ resistance to prolonged flooding”