Abstract
A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se and monitoring the Se uptake and accumulation dynamics within four consecutive harvests within the same growing season. Two ionic Se forms, i.e., sodium selenate (Se (VI)) and sodium selenite (Se (IV)), were applied once at a rate of 1, 10, and 50 mg kg-1 (added on Se basis), while 10 and 50 mg L-1 of a red elemental Se (red Se0) were used; all Se treatments were added as soil application. Application of Se (VI) at the rate of 50 mg kg-1 was toxic to alfalfa plants. The effect of Se forms on Se accumulation in alfalfa tissues, regardless of the applied Se concentration, follows: Se (VI) > Se (IV) > red Se0. The leaf, in general, possessed higher total Se content than the stem in all the treatments. The accumulation of Se in stem and leaf tissues showed a gradual decline between the harvests, especially for plants treated with either Se (VI) or Se (IV); however, the chemically synthesized red Se0 showed different results. The treatment of 10 mg kg-1 Se (VI) resulted in the highest total Se content in stem (202.5 and 98.0 µg g-1) and leaf (643.4 and 284.5 µg g-1) in the 1st and 2nd harvests, respectively. Similar tendency is reported for the Se (IV)-treated plants. Otherwise, the application of red Se0 resulted in a lower Se uptake; however, less fluctuation in total Se content between the four harvests was noticed compared to the ionic Se forms. The Se forms in stem and leaf of alfalfa extracted by water and subsequently by protease XIV enzyme were measured by strong anion exchange (SAX) HPLC-ICP-MS. The major Se forms in our samples were selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se (VI), while neither selenocysteine (SeCys) nor Se (IV) was detected. In water extract, however, Se (VI) was the major Se form, while SeMet was the predominant form in the enzyme extract. Yet, Se (VI) and SeMet contents declined within the harvests, except in stem of plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0. The highest stem or leaf SeMet yield %, in all harvests, corresponded to the treatment of 50 mg L-1 red Se0. For instance, 63.6% (in stem) and 38.0% (in leaf) were calculated for SeMet yield % in the 4th harvest of plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0. Our results provide information about uptake and accumulation dynamics of different ionic Se forms in case of multiple-harvested alfalfa, which, besides being a good model plant, is an important target plant species in green biorefining.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Se (VI) applied at 50 mg kg-1 was toxic to alfalfa plants in a greenhouse pot experiment.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- Application of Se (VI) at the rate of 50 mg kg-1e1
- Outcome
- toxic to alfalfa plantse1
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“Application of Se (VI) at the rate of 50 mg kg-1 was toxic to alfalfa plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Se accumulation in alfalfa tissues followed the order Se (VI) > Se (IV) > red Se0, regardless of the applied Se concentration.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae2
- Treatment
- Se formse2
- Outcome
- Se accumulation in alfalfa tissuese2
- Direction
- Se (VI) > Se (IV) > red Se0e2
- Qualifier
- regardless of the applied Se concentratione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e2“The effect of Se forms on Se accumulation in alfalfa tissues, regardless of the applied Se concentration, follows: Se (VI) > Se (IV) > red Se0”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf total Se content was higher than stem total Se content in all treatments.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Outcome
- total Se contente3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- in all the treatmentse3
- Comparator
- steme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e3“The leaf, in general, possessed higher total Se content than the stem in all the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Se accumulation in alfalfa stem and leaf tissues declined gradually between harvests, most clearly for Se (VI) or Se (IV)-treated plants.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- stem and leaf tissuese4
- Treatment
- Se (VI) or Se (IV)e4
- Outcome
- accumulation of See4
- Direction
- gradual declinee4
- Qualifier
- between the harvestse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e4“The accumulation of Se in stem and leaf tissues showed a gradual decline between the harvests, especially for plants treated with either Se (VI) or Se (IV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemically synthesized red Se0 gave results different from the gradual decline seen with the ionic Se forms.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- stem and leaf tissuese4
- Treatment
- chemically synthesized red Se0e5
- Outcome
- accumulation of Se in stem and leaf tissuese4
- Qualifier
- showed different resultse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e4“The accumulation of Se in stem and leaf tissues showed a gradual decline between the harvests, especially for plants treated with either Se (VI) or Se (IV)”
e5“however, the chemically synthesized red Se0 showed different results”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 10 mg kg-1 Se (VI) gave the highest total Se content in alfalfa stem, 202.5 and 98.0 µg g-1 in the 1st and 2nd harvests.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- steme6
- Treatment
- 10 mg kg-1 Se (VI)e6
- Outcome
- total Se contente6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 202.5 and 98.0 µg g-1e6
- Qualifier
- in the 1st and 2nd harvests, respectivelye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e6“The treatment of 10 mg kg-1 Se (VI) resulted in the highest total Se content in stem (202.5 and 98.0 µg g-1) and leaf (643.4 and 284.5 µg g-1) in the 1st and 2nd harvests, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 10 mg kg-1 Se (VI) gave the highest total Se content in alfalfa leaf, 643.4 and 284.5 µg g-1 in the 1st and 2nd harvests.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe6
- Treatment
- 10 mg kg-1 Se (VI)e6
- Outcome
- total Se contente6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 643.4 and 284.5 µg g-1e6
- Qualifier
- in the 1st and 2nd harvests, respectivelye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e6“The treatment of 10 mg kg-1 Se (VI) resulted in the highest total Se content in stem (202.5 and 98.0 µg g-1) and leaf (643.4 and 284.5 µg g-1) in the 1st and 2nd harvests, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Se (IV)-treated alfalfa showed a tendency similar to the Se (VI) pattern in total Se content.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Se (IV)-treated plantse7
- Outcome
- total Se contente6
- Qualifier
- Similar tendencye7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e6“The treatment of 10 mg kg-1 Se (VI) resulted in the highest total Se content in stem (202.5 and 98.0 µg g-1) and leaf (643.4 and 284.5 µg g-1) in the 1st and 2nd harvests, respectively”
e7“Similar tendency is reported for the Se (IV)-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of red Se0 resulted in lower Se uptake by alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- the application of red Se0e1
- Outcome
- Se uptakee1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“Otherwise, the application of red Se0 resulted in a lower Se uptake; however, less fluctuation in total Se content between the four harvests was noticed compared to the ionic Se forms”
Claim · model-written summary
Red Se0 gave less fluctuation in total Se content across the four harvests than the ionic Se forms.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- the application of red Se0e1
- Outcome
- fluctuation in total Se contente1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Qualifier
- between the four harvestse1
- Comparator
- ionic Se formse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“Otherwise, the application of red Se0 resulted in a lower Se uptake; however, less fluctuation in total Se content between the four harvests was noticed compared to the ionic Se forms”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se (VI) were the major Se forms in the alfalfa samples.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Compound
- selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se (VI)e1
- Outcome
- major Se formse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“The major Se forms in our samples were selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se (VI), while neither selenocysteine (SeCys) nor Se (IV) was detected”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither selenocysteine (SeCys) nor Se (IV) was detected in the alfalfa samples.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- neither selenocysteine (SeCys) nor Se (IV) was detectede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“The major Se forms in our samples were selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se (VI), while neither selenocysteine (SeCys) nor Se (IV) was detected”
Claim · model-written summary
In alfalfa water extracts, Se (VI) was the major Se form.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Compound
- Se (VI)e1
- Outcome
- major Se forme1
- Qualifier
- In water extracte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“In water extract, however, Se (VI) was the major Se form, while SeMet was the predominant form in the enzyme extract”
Claim · model-written summary
SeMet was the predominant Se form in alfalfa enzyme extracts.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Compound
- SeMete1
- Outcome
- predominant forme1
- Qualifier
- in the enzyme extracte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“In water extract, however, Se (VI) was the major Se form, while SeMet was the predominant form in the enzyme extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Se (VI) and SeMet contents declined within the harvests in alfalfa, except in stem of plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- Se (VI) and SeMet contentse1
- Direction
- declinede1
- Qualifier
- except in stem of plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“Yet, Se (VI) and SeMet contents declined within the harvests, except in stem of plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0 gave the highest stem or leaf SeMet yield % in all harvests.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- stem or leafe1
- Treatment
- 50 mg L-1 red Se0e1
- Outcome
- SeMet yield %e1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- in all harvestse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“The highest stem or leaf SeMet yield %, in all harvests, corresponded to the treatment of 50 mg L-1 red Se0”
Claim · model-written summary
In alfalfa stem of plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0, SeMet yield was 63.6% in the 4th harvest.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Treatment
- plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0e1
- Outcome
- SeMet yield %e1
- Value
- 63.6%e1
- Qualifier
- in the 4th harveste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“For instance, 63.6% (in stem) and 38.0% (in leaf) were calculated for SeMet yield % in the 4th harvest of plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0”
Claim · model-written summary
In alfalfa leaf of plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0, SeMet yield was 38.0% in the 4th harvest.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0e1
- Outcome
- SeMet yield %e1
- Value
- 38.0%e1
- Qualifier
- in the 4th harveste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se”
e1“For instance, 63.6% (in stem) and 38.0% (in leaf) were calculated for SeMet yield % in the 4th harvest of plants treated with 50 mg L-1 red Se0”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
- positive
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.