Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Selakui, Dehradun during 2001–04 to study the effect of tillage (conventional and minimum) and mulching practices (no mulching and live mulching) under artificially created varying land slopes (0.5, 2.5, 4.5 and 9.5%) on soil-moisture conservation, productivity and nutrient uptake in maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori & Paol.) cropping system. Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) intercropped with maize gave 0.87–1.09 tonnes biomass (dry weight) and accumulated 24.8–31.4 kg N/ha at 30 days of growth when it was mulched. Biomass and N accumulation generally decreased with increasing land slope and under minimum tillage. Maize performed better on moderate slopes (2.5–4.5%) than on the relatively flat (0.5%) and highly sloping land (9.5%). However, the yield of wheat decreased linearly and significantly with increasing slope due to less conservation of soil moisture on sloping lands during the previous rainy season. Conventional tillage gave significantly higher productivity of both maize and wheat than the minimum tillage. Intercropping of maize with sunnhemp and spreading the cut biomass as mulch at 30 days (live mulching) improved soil moisture conservation at maize harvest (+1.63 to 1.94%), and yield of maize (12.0%) as well as of following wheat (13.8%) compared with the no mulching.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Mulched sunnhemp intercropped with maize gave 0.87–1.09 tonnes dry biomass.
- Taxon
- Sunnhemp
Crotalaria junceae0 - Outcome
- biomass (dry weight)e0
- Value
- 0.87–1.09 tonnese0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) intercropped with maize gave 0.87–1.09 tonnes biomass (dry weight)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulched sunnhemp accumulated 24.8–31.4 kg N/ha after 30 days.
- Taxon
- SunnhempCrotalaria junceae1
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Value
- 24.8–31.4 kg N/hae0
- Qualifier
- 30 days of growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulated 24.8–31.4 kg N/ha at 30 days of growth when it was mulched”
e1“Sunnhemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass decreased with increasing land slope and minimum tillage.
- Taxon
- SunnhempCrotalaria junceae1
- Treatment
- minimum tillagee0
- Outcome
- Biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass and N accumulation generally decreased with increasing land slope and under minimum tillage”
e1“Sunnhemp”
Claim · model-written summary
N accumulation decreased with increasing land slope and minimum tillage.
- Taxon
- SunnhempCrotalaria junceae1
- Treatment
- minimum tillagee0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass and N accumulation generally decreased with increasing land slope and under minimum tillage”
e1“Sunnhemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize performed better on moderate than flat or steep slopes.
- Outcome
- performed bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- relatively flat (0.5%) and highly sloping land (9.5%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize performed better on moderate slopes (2.5–4.5%) than on the relatively flat (0.5%) and highly sloping land (9.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield decreased significantly as slope increased.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- increasing slopee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of wheat decreased linearly and significantly with increasing slope”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage increased maize productivity compared with minimum tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage gave significantly higher productivity of both maize and wheat than the minimum tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage increased wheat productivity compared with minimum tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- minimum tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage gave significantly higher productivity of both maize and wheat than the minimum tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Live mulching improved soil moisture conservation by 1.63 to 1.94%.
- Treatment
- live mulchinge0
- Outcome
- soil moisture conservatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- +1.63 to 1.94%e0
- Comparator
- no mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“live mulching) improved soil moisture conservation at maize harvest (+1.63 to 1.94%), and yield of maize (12.0%) as well as of following wheat (13.8%) compared with the no mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Live mulching improved maize yield by 12.0%.
- Treatment
- live mulchinge0
- Outcome
- yield of maizee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 12.0%e0
- Comparator
- no mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“live mulching) improved soil moisture conservation at maize harvest (+1.63 to 1.94%), and yield of maize (12.0%) as well as of following wheat (13.8%) compared with the no mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Live mulching improved following wheat yield by 13.8%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- live mulchinge0
- Outcome
- yield of maize (12.0%) as well as of following wheate0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 13.8%e0
- Comparator
- no mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“live mulching) improved soil moisture conservation at maize harvest (+1.63 to 1.94%), and yield of maize (12.0%) as well as of following wheat (13.8%) compared with the no mulching”
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