Abstract
NHX proteins are transmembrane antiporters belonging to the cation/proton antiporter gene family, with a conserved Na+ (K+)/H+ exchange (PF00999) protein domain. NHXs play a prominent role in plant growth, development, and defense. However, the role of NHX gene family in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is yet to be known. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the potato NHX gene family. A total of 25 StNHX family members were identified to be unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes. The proteins ranged in length from 252 to 1,153 amino acids, with molecular masses ranging from 27516.32 to 127860.87 kD, and isoelectric points (pI) ranging from 4.96 to 9.3. Analyses of gene structures and conserved motifs indicated that StNHX genes in the same phylogenetic cluster are conserved. Phylogenetic analysis divided the StNHX genes into three subfamilies (Classes I, II, and III). Synteny analysis indicated that StNHX gene family Class III of NHX and all Arabidopsis thaliana NHXs shared a close evolutionary relationship. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the upstream 1,500 bp promoter region of potato NHX genes showed that these genes could be regulated by light, stress, and hormones such as abscisic acid and gibberellic acid. Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that StNHX proteins may participate in the regulation of potato growth and stress response. Besides, To determine a potential role of these genes in tissue development and drought response, we analyzed the RNA-seq data of different DM potato tissues. The results showed that NHX genes exhibited distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. We further examined the expression patterns of StNHX in different tissues (leaves, roots, shoots, tubers, stolons, and flowers) during the flowering stage in 'Jizhangshu NO.8.' potato. The qRT-PCR results further confirmed the importance of StNHX genes in potato plant growth and development. We further analyzed the RNA-seq data (DM potato) under different abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and heat), and found that the expression of StNHX genes was induced under abiotic stress. qRT-PCR analysis of shoots and roots of 'Jizhangshu NO.8.' potato treated for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h with 15% PEG6000 confirmed that the 25 StNHX genes are involved in the response to drought stress in potato. The results of this study may be useful for selecting appropriate candidate genes for the breeding of new drought-tolerant potato varieties. Furthermore, this study lays a foundation for prospective analysis of StNHX gene functions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-five potato StNHX family members were identified across ten chromosomes.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Gene
- StNHXe1
- Outcome
- StNHX family memberse1
- Value
- 25e1
- Qualifier
- unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“A total of 25 StNHX family members were identified to be unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes.”
Claim · model-written summary
StNHX proteins ranged from 252 to 1,153 amino acids in length.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- StNHXe2
- Outcome
- lengthe1
- Value
- 252 to 1,153 amino acidse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“The proteins ranged in length from 252 to 1,153 amino acids, with molecular masses ranging from 27516.32 to 127860.87 kD, and isoelectric points (pI) ranging from 4.96 to 9.3.”
e2“A total of 25 StNHX family members were identified to be unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes.”
Claim · model-written summary
StNHX protein molecular masses ranged from 27516.32 to 127860.87 kD.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- molecular massese1
- Value
- 27516.32 to 127860.87 kDe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“molecular masses ranging from 27516.32 to 127860.87 kD”
Claim · model-written summary
StNHX protein isoelectric points ranged from 4.96 to 9.3.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- isoelectric points (pI)e1
- Value
- 4.96 to 9.3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“isoelectric points (pI) ranging from 4.96 to 9.3”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene structures and conserved motifs were conserved within StNHX phylogenetic clusters.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- StNHX genese1
- Outcome
- gene structures and conserved motifse1
- Qualifier
- same phylogenetic clustere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Analyses of gene structures and conserved motifs indicated that StNHX genes in the same phylogenetic cluster are conserved.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic analysis placed StNHX genes in three subfamilies.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- StNHX genese1
- Outcome
- three subfamilies (Classes I, II, and III)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Phylogenetic analysis divided the StNHX genes into three subfamilies (Classes I, II, and III).”
Claim · model-written summary
Synteny analysis found a close evolutionary relationship between StNHX Class III and Arabidopsis thaliana NHXs.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- StNHX gene family Class III of NHXe1
- Outcome
- close evolutionary relationshipe1
- Comparator
- Arabidopsis thaliana NHXse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Synteny analysis indicated that StNHX gene family Class III of NHX and all Arabidopsis thaliana NHXs shared a close evolutionary relationship.”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoter elements suggested regulation of potato NHX genes by light, stress, and hormones.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- potato NHX genese1
- Compound
- abscisic acid and gibberellic acide1
- Outcome
- regulated by light, stress, and hormonese1
- Qualifier
- cis-acting elements in the upstream 1,500 bp promoter regione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Analysis of cis-acting elements in the upstream 1,500 bp promoter region of potato NHX genes showed that these genes could be regulated by light, stress, and hormones such as abscisic acid and gibberellic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
A protein interaction network suggested StNHX proteins participate in potato growth and stress response.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- StNHX proteinse1
- Outcome
- regulation of potato growth and stress responsee1
- Qualifier
- Protein-protein interaction networke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that StNHX proteins may participate in the regulation of potato growth and stress response.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato NHX genes showed distinct expression patterns among tissues.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- NHX genese1
- Outcome
- distinct tissue-specific expression patternse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“The results showed that NHX genes exhibited distinct tissue-specific expression patterns.”
Claim · model-written summary
qRT-PCR confirmed the importance of StNHX genes for potato growth and development.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- StNHX genese1
- Outcome
- importance of StNHX genes in potato plant growth and developmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“The qRT-PCR results further confirmed the importance of StNHX genes in potato plant growth and development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Abiotic stress induced expression of StNHX genes in potato.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- abiotic stresse1
- Gene
- StNHX genese1
- Outcome
- expression of StNHX genese1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“under different abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and heat), and found that the expression of StNHX genes was induced under abiotic stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG6000 treatment of potato shoots and roots confirmed involvement of all 25 StNHX genes in drought response.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- 'Jizhangshu NO.8.'e1
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse1
- Treatment
- 15% PEG6000e1
- Gene
- StNHX genese1
- Outcome
- response to drought stresse1
- Value
- 25e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“qRT-PCR analysis of shoots and roots of 'Jizhangshu NO.8.' potato treated for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h with 15% PEG6000 confirmed that the 25 StNHX genes are involved in the response to drought stress in potato.”