Abstract
Abstract Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is a severe leaf disease in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). To elucidate the effect of powdery mildew on cell redox homeostasis in grains, three wheat cultivars with different resistance, Xi'nong 979 (susceptible), Zhengmai 379 (moderately susceptible), and Zhengmai 103 (resistant), were inoculated with Bgt in the field, and the changes in gene transcription and activity of the antioxidant enzymes in developing grains were analysed. The results showed that the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changes of guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx) were similar under powdery mildew conditions. They increased significantly at 10–20 days after anthesis (DAA) in susceptible cultivars and at 20–30 DAA in the resistant cultivar. However, they showed a significant decrease in susceptible cultivars at 20–30 DAA. The gene expression and enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) increased continuously during grain development, especially in susceptible cultivars. The results demonstrated that the antioxidant systems were induced under mild powdery mildew conditions, which was conducive to the synchronous regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, under severe powdery mildew conditions, the antioxidant systems were inhibited and the regulation of ROS was restricted, resulting in the breakdown of cell redox homeostasis. It is speculated that powdery mildew infection can inhibit the activity of some metabolic proteins (transcription factors or enzymes), change the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of grain cells, and further change the quality of wheat grains.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Expression and activity of POD, CAT, DHAR, GR and 1-Cys Prx in developing grains of powdery mildew-inoculated susceptible wheat cultivars increased significantly at 10-20 days after anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- susceptible cultivarse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Bgte3
- Gene
- guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx)e1
- Outcome
- the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changese2
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 10–20 days after anthesis (DAA)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain”
e0“They increased significantly at 10–20 days after anthesis (DAA) in susceptible cultivars and at 20–30 DAA in the resistant cultivar”
e1“guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx)”
e2“the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changes”
e3“inoculated with Bgt”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression and activity of POD, CAT, DHAR, GR and 1-Cys Prx in developing grains of the resistant wheat cultivar increased significantly at 20-30 days after anthesis under powdery mildew.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- the resistant cultivare0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Bgte3
- Gene
- guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx)e1
- Outcome
- the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changese2
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 20–30 DAAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain”
e0“They increased significantly at 10–20 days after anthesis (DAA) in susceptible cultivars and at 20–30 DAA in the resistant cultivar”
e1“guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx)”
e2“the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changes”
e3“inoculated with Bgt”
Claim · model-written summary
In susceptible wheat cultivars the expression and activity of these antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly at 20-30 days after anthesis under powdery mildew.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- susceptible cultivarse4
- Treatment
- inoculated with Bgte3
- Gene
- guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx)e1
- Outcome
- the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changese2
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Qualifier
- 20–30 DAAe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain”
e1“guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx)”
e2“the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changes”
e4“they showed a significant decrease in susceptible cultivars at 20–30 DAA”
e3“inoculated with Bgt”
Claim · model-written summary
The expression patterns and activity changes of POD, CAT, DHAR, GR and 1-Cys Prx were similar to each other under powdery mildew conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx)e1
- Outcome
- the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changese2
- Direction
- similare3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain”
e1“guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx)”
e2“the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changes”
e3“were similar under powdery mildew conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene expression and activity of APX and MDHAR increased continuously during grain development, especially in susceptible wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- susceptible cultivarse0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR)e0
- Outcome
- gene expression and enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain”
e0“The gene expression and enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) increased continuously during grain development, especially in susceptible cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The antioxidant systems of wheat grains were induced under mild powdery mildew conditions, favouring synchronous regulation of reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mild powdery mildew conditionse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant systemse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain”
e0“the antioxidant systems were induced under mild powdery mildew conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe powdery mildew the antioxidant systems were inhibited and ROS regulation was restricted, resulting in breakdown of cell redox homeostasis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- severe powdery mildew conditionse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant systemse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain”
e0“under severe powdery mildew conditions, the antioxidant systems were inhibited and the regulation of ROS was restricted, resulting in the breakdown of cell redox homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors speculate that powdery mildew infection can inhibit some metabolic proteins, change carbon and nitrogen metabolism of grain cells and thereby alter wheat grain quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- powdery mildew infectione0
- Outcome
- the quality of wheat grainse0
- Qualifier
- change the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of grain cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain”
e0“powdery mildew infection can inhibit the activity of some metabolic proteins (transcription factors or enzymes), change the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of grain cells, and further change the quality of wheat grains”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: expression · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 38 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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