Abstract
A full-length cDNA (Hv-GR) whose transcript accumulation increased in response to infection by Blumeria graminis DC.f.sp. tritici (Bgt) was isolated from Haynaldia villosa. Southern analysis revealed a single copy of Hv-GR present in H. villosa. This gene encodes a glutathione reductase (GR) with high similarity to chloroplastic GRs from other plant species. Chloroplastic localization of Hv-GR was confirmed by targeting of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Hv-GR fusion protein to chloroplasts of epidermal guard cells. Following inoculation with Bgt, transcript accumulation of Hv-GR increased in a resistant line of wheat, but no significant change was observed in a susceptible line. In vivo function of Hv-GR in converting oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to the reduced form (GSH) was verified through heterologous expression of Hv-GR in a yeast GR-deficient mutant. As expected, overexpression of this gene resulted in increased resistance of the mutant to H(2)O(2), indicating a critical role for Hv-GR in protecting cells against oxidative stress. Moreover, overexpression of Hv-GR in a susceptible wheat variety, Triticum aestivum cv. Yangmai 158, enhanced resistance to powdery mildew and induced transcript accumulation of other pathogenesis-related genes, PR-1a and PR-5, through increasing the foliar GSH/GSSG ratio. Therefore, we concluded that a high ratio of GSH to GSSG is required for wheat defense against Bgt, and that chloroplastic GR enzymes might serve as a redox mediator for NPR1 activation.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Hv-GR transcript accumulation increased after Blumeria graminis infection in Haynaldia villosa.
- Taxon
- Haynaldia villosa
Dasypyrum villosume0 - Treatment
- infection by Blumeria graminis DC.f.sp. tritici (Bgt)e0
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminis DC.f.sp. tritici
Blumeria graminise0pathogen - Gene
- Hv-GRe0
- Outcome
- transcript accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A full-length cDNA (Hv-GR) whose transcript accumulation increased in response to infection by Blumeria graminis DC.f.sp. tritici (Bgt) was isolated from Haynaldia villosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Haynaldia villosa has a single copy of Hv-GR.
- Taxon
- H. villosaDasypyrum villosume0
- Gene
- Hv-GRe0
- Outcome
- single copy of Hv-GRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Southern analysis revealed a single copy of Hv-GR present in H. villosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Hv-GR encodes a glutathione reductase similar to chloroplastic glutathione reductases.
- Taxon
- Haynaldia villosaDasypyrum villosumt0
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Outcome
- high similarity to chloroplastic GRse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This gene encodes a glutathione reductase (GR) with high similarity to chloroplastic GRs from other plant species”
t0“Haynaldia villosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Hv-GR localized to chloroplasts in epidermal guard cells.
- Taxon
- Haynaldia villosaDasypyrum villosumt0
- Organ / stage
- epidermal guard cellse0
- Gene
- Hv-GRe0
- Outcome
- Chloroplastic localizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloroplastic localization of Hv-GR was confirmed by targeting of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Hv-GR fusion protein to chloroplasts of epidermal guard cells”
t0“Haynaldia villosa”
Claim · model-written summary
After Bgt inoculation, wheat Hv-GR transcript accumulation increased in a resistant line.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- resistant linee0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Bgte0
- Interactor
- Bgte0pathogen
- Gene
- Hv-GRe0
- Outcome
- transcript accumulation of Hv-GRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following inoculation with Bgt, transcript accumulation of Hv-GR increased in a resistant line of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
After Bgt inoculation, wheat Hv-GR transcript accumulation had no significant change in a susceptible line.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- susceptible linee0
- Outcome
- changee0
- Direction
- no significant changee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but no significant change was observed in a susceptible line”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hv-GR converted oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione in a yeast mutant.
- Taxon
- Haynaldia villosaDasypyrum villosumt0
- Gene
- Hv-GRe0
- Outcome
- converting oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to the reduced form (GSH)e0
- Qualifier
- yeast GR-deficient mutante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo function of Hv-GR in converting oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to the reduced form (GSH) was verified through heterologous expression of Hv-GR in a yeast GR-deficient mutant”
t0“Haynaldia villosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Hv-GR overexpression increased yeast mutant resistance to hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- Haynaldia villosaDasypyrum villosumt0
- Treatment
- overexpression of this genee0
- Outcome
- resistance of the mutant to H(2)O(2)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of this gene resulted in increased resistance of the mutant to H(2)O(2)”
t0“Haynaldia villosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Hv-GR overexpression enhanced powdery mildew resistance in susceptible wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Triticum aestivum cv. Yangmai 158e0
- Treatment
- overexpression of Hv-GRe0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Gene
- Hv-GRe0
- Outcome
- resistance to powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of Hv-GR in a susceptible wheat variety, Triticum aestivum cv. Yangmai 158, enhanced resistance to powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Hv-GR overexpression induced wheat PR-1a and PR-5 transcripts.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- PR-1a and PR-5e0
- Outcome
- transcript accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced transcript accumulation of other pathogenesis-related genes, PR-1a and PR-5”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hv-GR overexpression increased the wheat foliar GSH/GSSG ratio.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- foliar GSH/GSSG ratioe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“through increasing the foliar GSH/GSSG ratio”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
A high GSH to GSSG ratio is required for wheat defense against Bgt.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Bgte0pathogen
- Outcome
- defense against Bgte0
- Qualifier
- high ratio of GSH to GSSGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high ratio of GSH to GSSG is required for wheat defense against Bgt”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplastic GR enzymes might mediate redox activation of NPR1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- GR enzymese0
- Outcome
- NPR1 activatione0
- Qualifier
- redox mediatore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroplastic GR enzymes might serve as a redox mediator for NPR1 activation”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
The same questions in other papers
Blumeria graminis · molecular: expression · Dasypyrum villosumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · molecular: expression · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.