Abstract
We investigated labile P and roots distribution in the soil profile and their effect on phosphorus uptake and soybean and corn yield under different tillage systems and phosphate fertilization managements. In a long-term experiment fertilized with triple superphosphate (TSP) or reactive phosphate rock (RPR), where the fertilizer was band-applied in the crop row or broadcasted under conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT), we evaluated labile P (Bray-1) and root density distribution in depth, and crop yield, biomass production and P uptake by soybean (16th crop) and corn (17th crop). The soil disturbance in CT promoted more homogeneous soil P distribution while in NT there was a strong gradient in depth, with nutrient accumulation in the fertilizer application zone. In general, the average content of P in the 0–20 cm layer was similar for the two soil management systems and for the two application methods, but higher for TSP in relation to RPR. Root distribution of soybeans in NT and corn in both tillage systems showed a strong relationship with soil P distribution. The production of biomass, P uptake and grain yield of soybean in CT was influenced by phosphate fertilization management and generally presented lower performance than in NT, what did not occur for corn possibly due to a better P uptake efficiency compared to that of soybean. Greater stratification on the distribution of soil P and soybean and corn roots in NT did not represent any limitation on the nutrient uptake and yield of these crops, not even in the extreme case where the fertilizer was continuously broadcast on the soil surface. The influence of soil tillage management and phosphate fertilization was more evident in soybeans than corn.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage produced more homogeneous soil P distribution than no-tillage.
- Taxon
- soybean and corn
Glycine max
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- soil P distributione0
- Direction
- more homogeneouse0
- Comparator
- NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil disturbance in CT promoted more homogeneous soil P distribution while in NT there was a strong gradient in depth, with nutrient accumulation in the fertilizer application zone.”
e1“soybean and corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage produced a strong soil P depth gradient with accumulation in the application zone.
- Taxon
- soybean and cornGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- soil P distributione0
- Direction
- strong gradient in depthe0
- Qualifier
- nutrient accumulation in the fertilizer application zonee0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil disturbance in CT promoted more homogeneous soil P distribution while in NT there was a strong gradient in depth, with nutrient accumulation in the fertilizer application zone.”
e1“soybean and corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Average soil P content in the 0–20 cm layer was similar across tillage and application methods.
- Taxon
- soybean and cornGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- two soil management systems and for the two application methodse0
- Outcome
- average content of P in the 0–20 cm layere0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, the average content of P in the 0–20 cm layer was similar for the two soil management systems and for the two application methods, but higher for TSP in relation to RPR.”
e1“soybean and corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
TSP yielded higher average soil P content than RPR.
- Taxon
- soybean and cornGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- TSPe0
- Outcome
- average content of P in the 0–20 cm layere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- RPRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, the average content of P in the 0–20 cm layer was similar for the two soil management systems and for the two application methods, but higher for TSP in relation to RPR.”
e1“soybean and corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean root distribution under no-tillage strongly tracked soil P distribution.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Root distribution of soybeanse0
- Setting
- NTe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root distribution of soybeans in NT and corn in both tillage systems showed a strong relationship with soil P distribution.”
e1“strong relationship with soil P distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn root distribution in both tillage systems strongly tracked soil P distribution.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- corn in both tillage systemse0
- Setting
- both tillage systemse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root distribution of soybeans in NT and corn in both tillage systems showed a strong relationship with soil P distribution.”
e1“strong relationship with soil P distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate management influenced soybean biomass, P uptake and grain yield in conventional tillage; performance was generally lower than under no-tillage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- phosphate fertilization managemente0
- Outcome
- production of biomass, P uptake and grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of biomass, P uptake and grain yield of soybean in CT was influenced by phosphate fertilization management and generally presented lower performance than in NT, what did not occur for corn possibly due to a better P uptake efficiency compared to that of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn did not show the lower conventional-tillage performance seen in soybean.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Direction
- did not occure0
- Comparator
- NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of biomass, P uptake and grain yield of soybean in CT was influenced by phosphate fertilization management and generally presented lower performance than in NT, what did not occur for corn possibly due to a better P uptake efficiency compared to that of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest corn may have better P uptake efficiency than soybean.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- P uptake efficiencye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- possiblye0
- Comparator
- soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“what did not occur for corn possibly due to a better P uptake efficiency compared to that of soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil P and root stratification under no-tillage did not limit soybean and corn nutrient uptake or yield, even with continuous surface broadcasting.
- Taxon
- soybean and cornGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake and yielde0
- Direction
- did not represent any limitatione0
- Qualifier
- fertilizer was continuously broadcast on the soil surfacee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater stratification on the distribution of soil P and soybean and corn roots in NT did not represent any limitation on the nutrient uptake and yield of these crops, not even in the extreme case where the fertilizer was continuously broadcast on the soil surface.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and phosphate fertilization effects were more evident in soybean than corn.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soil tillage management and phosphate fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- influencee0
- Direction
- more evidente0
- Comparator
- corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of soil tillage management and phosphate fertilization was more evident in soybeans than corn.”
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