Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of cultivation practices on grain (oats) yield and yield components, such as straw yield, harvest index, thousand kernel weight, and plant lodging. In addition, multi-element composition and isotopic signature (δ13C, δ15N) of the oat grains were studied. The spring oat cultivar ‘Noni’ was grown in a long-term field experiment during 2015–2020, using three management practices: control without organic amendment, incorporation of manure every third year and incorporation of crop residues/cover crop in the rotation. Synthetic nitrogen (N) (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg/ha) was applied during oat development in each system. Multi-element analysis of mature grains from two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) was performed using EDXRF spectroscopy, while stable isotope ratios of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were obtained using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA/IRMS). The results show how cultivation practices affect yield components and isotopic and elemental signatures. Increasing the N rate improved both the oat grain and straw yields and increased susceptibility to lodging. The results show how the elemental content (Si, Ca, Zn, Fe, Ti, Br and Rb) in the oat grains were influenced by intensification, and a noticeable decrease in elemental content at higher N rates was the result of a dilution effect of increased dry matter production. The mean δ15N values in oat grains ranged from 2.5‰ to 6.4‰ and decreased with increasing N rate, while δ13C values ranged from −29.9‰ to –28.9‰. Based on the δ15N values, it was possible to detect the addition of synthetic N above an N rate of 55 kg/ha, although it was impossible to differentiate between different management practices using stable isotopes.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rate improved oat grain yield.
- Taxon
- Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)
Avena sativat0 - Treatment
- Increasing the N ratee0
- Outcome
- oat graine0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the N rate improved both the oat grain and straw yields”
t0“Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rate improved straw yield.
- Taxon
- Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the N ratee0
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the N rate improved both the oat grain and straw yields”
t0“Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rate increased susceptibility to lodging.
- Taxon
- Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the N ratee0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to lodginge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the N rate improved both the oat grain and straw yields and increased susceptibility to lodging.”
t0“Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates decreased grain elemental content through dilution from dry matter production.
- Taxon
- Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- higher N ratese0
- Outcome
- elemental content (Si, Ca, Zn, Fe, Ti, Br and Rb) in the oat grainse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- dilution effect of increased dry matter productione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elemental content (Si, Ca, Zn, Fe, Ti, Br and Rb) in the oat grains were influenced by intensification, and a noticeable decrease in elemental content at higher N rates was the result of a dilution effect of increased dry matter production”
t0“Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat grain δ15N decreased as nitrogen rate increased, over a mean range of 2.5‰ to 6.4‰.
- Taxon
- Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing N ratee0
- Outcome
- δ15N values in oat grainse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.5‰ to 6.4‰e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean δ15N values in oat grains ranged from 2.5‰ to 6.4‰ and decreased with increasing N rate”
t0“Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat grain δ13C ranged from −29.9‰ to –28.9‰.
- Taxon
- Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativat0
- Outcome
- δ13C valuese0
- Value
- −29.9‰ to –28.9‰e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“δ13C values ranged from −29.9‰ to –28.9‰”
t0“Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain δ15N detected synthetic nitrogen addition above 55 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativat0
- Outcome
- detect the addition of synthetic Ne0
- Value
- 55 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on the δ15N values, it was possible to detect the addition of synthetic N above an N rate of 55 kg/ha”
t0“Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stable isotopes could not distinguish management practices.
- Taxon
- Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativat0
- Outcome
- differentiate between different management practicese0
- Comparator
- different management practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was impossible to differentiate between different management practices using stable isotopes”
t0“Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.