Abstract
Abstract Plants use nitrate and ammonium as major nitrogen (N) sources, each affecting root development through different mechanisms. However, the exact signaling pathways involved in root development are poorly understood. Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis thaliana , either disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH 4 + as the N source. Further study revealed that, compared with nitrate, ammonium led to excess iron accumulation in the apoplast of phloem in an LPR2-dependent manner. Such an aberrant iron accumulation subsequently causes massive callose deposition in the phloem from a resulting burst of reactive oxygen species, which impairs the function of the phloem. Therefore, ammonium attenuates primary root development by insufficiently allocating sucrose to the growth zone. Our results link phloem iron to root morphology in response to environmental cues.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting LPR2 alleviated ammonium induced primary root growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Treatment
- disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2e0
- Gene
- LPR2e0
- Outcome
- growth inhibition of primary rootse0
- Direction
- alleviatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH 4 + as the N source.”
e1“in Arabidopsis thaliana , either disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH 4 + as the N source.”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased iron supplementation alleviated ammonium induced primary root growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- a decrease in iron supplementatione0
- Outcome
- growth inhibition of primary rootse0
- Direction
- alleviatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH 4 + as the N source.”
e1“in Arabidopsis thaliana , either disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH 4 + as the N source.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with nitrate, ammonium caused excess phloem apoplast iron accumulation dependent on LPR2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- ammoniume0
- Gene
- LPR2e0
- Outcome
- iron accumulation in the apoplast of phloeme0
- Direction
- excesse0
- Comparator
- nitratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with nitrate, ammonium led to excess iron accumulation in the apoplast of phloem in an LPR2-dependent manner.”
e1“in Arabidopsis thaliana , either disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH 4 + as the N source.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aberrant iron accumulation caused phloem callose deposition through reactive oxygen species and impaired phloem function.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Compound
- irone0
- Outcome
- massive callose deposition in the phloeme0
- Qualifier
- a resulting burst of reactive oxygen speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Such an aberrant iron accumulation subsequently causes massive callose deposition in the phloem from a resulting burst of reactive oxygen species, which impairs the function of the phloem.”
e1“in Arabidopsis thaliana , either disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH 4 + as the N source.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium attenuated primary root development through insufficient sucrose allocation to the growth zone.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- ammoniume0
- Compound
- sucrosee0
- Outcome
- primary root developmente0
- Qualifier
- insufficiently allocating sucrose to the growth zonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium attenuates primary root development by insufficiently allocating sucrose to the growth zone.”
e1“in Arabidopsis thaliana , either disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH 4 + as the N source.”
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