Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture (RVSKVV), Indore during kharif (July–October) 2019 to study on physiological parameter, symbiotic efficiency, productivity and profitability of soybean as influenced by liquid bio-inoculants and mulch under Vertisols in relation to ten treatments. Results revealed that the higher growth attributes, physiological parameters and symbiotic parameters were recorded under Rhizobium+phosphours solubilizing bacteria (PSB)+mulch+foliar spray of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) @ 20 ml l-1 water in comparison to other treatments. The highest seed yield (1232 kg ha-1), straw yield (1537 kg ha-1), protein content (41.72%) and protein yield (51628 kg ha-1) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage), which was at par with Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 water, PSB +mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 15 ml l-1 water and Rhizobium+PSB +mulch. The maximum gross returns (Rs. 48768 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 20762 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.74), production efficiency (14.0 kg ha-1 day-1) and economic efficiency (Rs. 235.93 ha-1) were also recorded under above treatment. Significantly higher nutrient uptake (82.61 and 35.31 kg N, 4.72 and 8.49 kg P, 24.17 and 41.27 kg K by seed and straw, respectively) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 water.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculants, mulch and PGPR produced higher growth, physiological and symbiotic parameters than other treatments.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Rhizobium+phosphours solubilizing bacteria (PSB)+mulch+foliar spray of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) @ 20 ml l-1 watere0
- Second interactor
- Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth attributes, physiological parameters and symbiotic parameterse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that the higher growth attributes, physiological parameters and symbiotic parameters were recorded under Rhizobium+phosphours solubilizing bacteria (PSB)+mulch+foliar spray of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) @ 20 ml l-1 water in comparison to other treatments”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
seed yield was highest at 1232 kg ha-1 under the combined treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage)e0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1232 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield (1232 kg ha-1), straw yield (1537 kg ha-1), protein content (41.72%) and protein yield (51628 kg ha-1) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage), which was at par with Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 water, PSB +mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 15 ml l-1 water and Rhizobium+PSB +mulch.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
straw yield was highest at 1537 kg ha-1 under the combined treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage)e0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1537 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield (1232 kg ha-1), straw yield (1537 kg ha-1), protein content (41.72%) and protein yield (51628 kg ha-1) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage), which was at par with Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 water, PSB +mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 15 ml l-1 water and Rhizobium+PSB +mulch.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
protein content was highest at 41.72% under the combined treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage)e0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 41.72%e0
- Comparator
- Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield (1232 kg ha-1), straw yield (1537 kg ha-1), protein content (41.72%) and protein yield (51628 kg ha-1) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage), which was at par with Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 water, PSB +mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 15 ml l-1 water and Rhizobium+PSB +mulch.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
protein yield was highest at 51628 kg ha-1 under the combined treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage)e0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 51628 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield (1232 kg ha-1), straw yield (1537 kg ha-1), protein content (41.72%) and protein yield (51628 kg ha-1) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage), which was at par with Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 water, PSB +mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 15 ml l-1 water and Rhizobium+PSB +mulch.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
gross returns reached a maximum of Rs. 48768 ha-1 under the preceding combined treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- gross returnse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- Rs. 48768 ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- above treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum gross returns (Rs. 48768 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 20762 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.74), production efficiency (14.0 kg ha-1 day-1) and economic efficiency (Rs. 235.93 ha-1) were also recorded under above treatment.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
net returns reached a maximum of Rs. 20762 ha-1 under the preceding combined treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- Rs. 20762 ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- above treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum gross returns (Rs. 48768 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 20762 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.74), production efficiency (14.0 kg ha-1 day-1) and economic efficiency (Rs. 235.93 ha-1) were also recorded under above treatment.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
B:C ratio reached a maximum of 1.74 under the preceding combined treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum gross returns (Rs. 48768 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 20762 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.74), production efficiency (14.0 kg ha-1 day-1) and economic efficiency (Rs. 235.93 ha-1) were also recorded under above treatment.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
production efficiency reached a maximum of 14.0 kg ha-1 day-1 under the preceding combined treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- production efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 14.0 kg ha-1 day-1e0
- Qualifier
- above treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum gross returns (Rs. 48768 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 20762 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.74), production efficiency (14.0 kg ha-1 day-1) and economic efficiency (Rs. 235.93 ha-1) were also recorded under above treatment.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
economic efficiency reached a maximum of Rs. 235.93 ha-1 under the preceding combined treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- economic efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- Rs. 235.93 ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- above treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum gross returns (Rs. 48768 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 20762 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.74), production efficiency (14.0 kg ha-1 day-1) and economic efficiency (Rs. 235.93 ha-1) were also recorded under above treatment.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
seed N uptake was significantly higher under combined inoculants and mulch.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 watere0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 82.61e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher nutrient uptake (82.61 and 35.31 kg N, 4.72 and 8.49 kg P, 24.17 and 41.27 kg K by seed and straw, respectively) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 water.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
straw N uptake was significantly higher under combined inoculants and mulch.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 watere0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 35.31 kg Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher nutrient uptake (82.61 and 35.31 kg N, 4.72 and 8.49 kg P, 24.17 and 41.27 kg K by seed and straw, respectively) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 water.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
seed P uptake was significantly higher under combined inoculants and mulch.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 watere0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.72e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher nutrient uptake (82.61 and 35.31 kg N, 4.72 and 8.49 kg P, 24.17 and 41.27 kg K by seed and straw, respectively) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 water.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
straw P uptake was significantly higher under combined inoculants and mulch.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 watere0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.49 kg Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher nutrient uptake (82.61 and 35.31 kg N, 4.72 and 8.49 kg P, 24.17 and 41.27 kg K by seed and straw, respectively) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 water.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
seed K uptake was significantly higher under combined inoculants and mulch.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 watere0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 24.17e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher nutrient uptake (82.61 and 35.31 kg N, 4.72 and 8.49 kg P, 24.17 and 41.27 kg K by seed and straw, respectively) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 water.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
straw K uptake was significantly higher under combined inoculants and mulch.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 watere0
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 41.27 kg Ke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher nutrient uptake (82.61 and 35.31 kg N, 4.72 and 8.49 kg P, 24.17 and 41.27 kg K by seed and straw, respectively) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 water.”
t0“Soybean”
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See all 6 papers →8 of 20 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.