Abstract
Endophytic fungi are effective in plant growth and development by secreting various kinds of plant hormones and nutrients. However, the cellular and molecular interactions between the endophytic fungi and plant growth-promoting have remained less explored. The present study was designed to explore the effects of the infection and colonization events of Chaetomium globosum strain ND35 on cucumber growth and the expression pattern of some metabolically important genes in development of the cucumber radicle. The results demonstrated that strain ND35 can infect and colonize the outer layers (cortical cells) of cucumber root and form a symbiotic structure with the host cell, similar to a periarbuscular membrane and establish chemical communication with the plant. Through transcriptome analysis, we found the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by strain ND35 were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction and photosynthesis. Correspondingly, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin (ZT), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) in ND35-colonized seedlings were generally higher than those of non-inoculated seedlings. Overall, the infection and colonization events of C. globosum strain ND35 increased cucumber growth through complex regulation of plant hormones biosynthesis and metabolism. Furthermore, although the endophytic fungus strain ND35 produced IAA, GA, ZT, and ergosterol in the fermentation broth, and there are enabled to promote growth of cucumber, it is uncertain whether there are ND35-derived microbial hormones in plants. This study of the interaction between cucumber and strain ND35 contributes to a better understanding of the plant-endophytic fungi interactions, and may help to develop new strategies for crop production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ND35 colonized cucumber root cortical cells and formed a symbiotic structure.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Interactor
- strain ND35e0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonize the outer layers (cortical cells) of cucumber root and form a symbiotic structuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strain ND35 can infect and colonize the outer layers (cortical cells) of cucumber root and form a symbiotic structure with the host cell”
Claim · model-written summary
ND35-associated differential expression was enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, hormone signaling and plant-pathogen interaction.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- strain ND35e0symbiont
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by strain ND35 were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction and photosynthesis”
t0“Mechanisms in Growth-Promoting of Cucumber by the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium globosum Strain ND35”
Claim · model-written summary
ND35-associated differential expression was enriched in photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- strain ND35e0symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by strain ND35 were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction and photosynthesis”
t0“Mechanisms in Growth-Promoting of Cucumber by the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium globosum Strain ND35”
Claim · model-written summary
ND35-colonized seedlings had generally higher ROS and H2O2 contents than non-inoculated seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ND35-colonized seedlingse0
- Interactor
- ND35e0symbiont
- Outcome
- contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin (ZT), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) in ND35-colonized seedlings were generally higher than those of non-inoculated seedlings”
t0“Mechanisms in Growth-Promoting of Cucumber by the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium globosum Strain ND35”
Claim · model-written summary
ND35-colonized seedlings generally had higher IAA, GA and ZT contents.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ND35-colonized seedlingse0
- Interactor
- ND35e0symbiont
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin (ZT)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin (ZT), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) in ND35-colonized seedlings were generally higher than those of non-inoculated seedlings”
t0“Mechanisms in Growth-Promoting of Cucumber by the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium globosum Strain ND35”
Claim · model-written summary
ND35-colonized seedlings generally had higher SA and JA contents.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ND35-colonized seedlingse0
- Interactor
- ND35e0symbiont
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin (ZT), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) in ND35-colonized seedlings were generally higher than those of non-inoculated seedlings”
t0“Mechanisms in Growth-Promoting of Cucumber by the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium globosum Strain ND35”
Claim · model-written summary
ND35-colonized seedlings generally had higher PAL, 4CL and CAD activities.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ND35-colonized seedlingse0
- Interactor
- ND35e0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin (ZT), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) in ND35-colonized seedlings were generally higher than those of non-inoculated seedlings”
t0“Mechanisms in Growth-Promoting of Cucumber by the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium globosum Strain ND35”
Claim · model-written summary
ND35-colonized seedlings generally had higher POD activity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ND35-colonized seedlingse0
- Interactor
- ND35e0symbiont
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase (POD) in ND35-colonized seedlings were generally higher than those of non-inoculated seedlings”
t0“Mechanisms in Growth-Promoting of Cucumber by the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium globosum Strain ND35”
Claim · model-written summary
ND35 colonization increased cucumber growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- infection and colonization events of C. globosum strain ND35e0
- Interactor
- C. globosum strain ND35
Chaetomium globosume0symbiont - Outcome
- cucumber growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the infection and colonization events of C. globosum strain ND35 increased cucumber growth through complex regulation of plant hormones biosynthesis and metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
ND35 produced IAA, GA, ZT and ergosterol in fermentation broth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- strain ND35e0symbiont
- Outcome
- strain ND35 produced IAA, GA, ZT, and ergosterole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the endophytic fungus strain ND35 produced IAA, GA, ZT, and ergosterol in the fermentation broth”
t0“Mechanisms in Growth-Promoting of Cucumber by the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium globosum Strain ND35”
The same questions in other papers
infection · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.