Abstract
This study determined whether beneficial effects obtained with infection by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi during early growth of cucumber are maintained through to maturity. Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen') were grown in VAM-inoculated (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) or noninoculated autclaved sandy soil with supplemental phosphorus (P) ranging from 90 to 720 mg P plant −1 wk −1 . These P treatments resulted in leaf P levels that spanned the range from deficient to sufficient, based on published data for mature cucumber plants. Leaf and mainstem development, number of fruit per plant, and harvest index were enhanced by increasing P levels in all studies. Low levels of P nutrition resulted in deficiency symptoms that were well correlated with deficient concentrations of leaf P. Mature plants maintained a relatively high level of infection by G. intraradices at low and moderate levels of P nutrition; however, depending on the cultivar, VAM infection either had no effect, or slightly depressed leaf and stem growth. The VAM infection stimulated earlier flowering and fruit production, but a longer fruit abortion period precluded increases in final fruit yield. The reduced shoot development and longer interval of fruit abortion characteristic for VAM-infected plants may be due to increased stress imposed by the collective sink requirements of the fungus and developing fruit. Key words:Cucumis sativus L., growth, phosphorus, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, yield
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing P levels enhanced leaf and mainstem development in greenhouse cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativuse1 - Material
- 'Corona' and 'Carmen'e1
- Treatment
- increasing P levelse2
- Outcome
- Leaf and mainstem developmente2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- Greenhousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen')”
e2“Leaf and mainstem development, number of fruit per plant, and harvest index were enhanced by increasing P levels in all studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing P levels enhanced the number of fruit per plant and harvest index in greenhouse cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
- Material
- 'Corona' and 'Carmen'e1
- Treatment
- increasing P levelse2
- Outcome
- number of fruit per plant, and harvest indexe2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- Greenhousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen')”
e2“Leaf and mainstem development, number of fruit per plant, and harvest index were enhanced by increasing P levels in all studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P nutrition resulted in deficiency symptoms that were well correlated with deficient leaf P concentrations in cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Low levels of P nutritione3
- Outcome
- deficiency symptomse3
- Qualifier
- well correlated with deficient concentrations of leaf Pe3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen')”
e3“Low levels of P nutrition resulted in deficiency symptoms that were well correlated with deficient concentrations of leaf P”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature cucumber plants maintained a relatively high level of infection by G. intraradices at low and moderate P levels.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
- Interactor
- G. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese4symbiont
- Outcome
- infection by G. intraradicese4
- Value
- relatively high levele4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen')”
e4“Mature plants maintained a relatively high level of infection by G. intraradices at low and moderate levels of P nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM infection had no effect on leaf and stem growth in cucumber, depending on the cultivar.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- VAM infectione5
- Outcome
- leaf and stem growthe5
- Direction
- no effecte5
- Qualifier
- depending on the cultivare5
- Comparator
- noninoculatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen')”
e5“depending on the cultivar, VAM infection either had no effect, or slightly depressed leaf and stem growth”
e6“VAM-inoculated (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) or noninoculated autclaved sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM infection slightly depressed leaf and stem growth in some cucumber cultivars.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- VAM infectione5
- Outcome
- leaf and stem growthe5
- Direction
- slightly depressede5
- Qualifier
- depending on the cultivare5
- Comparator
- noninoculatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen')”
e5“depending on the cultivar, VAM infection either had no effect, or slightly depressed leaf and stem growth”
e6“VAM-inoculated (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) or noninoculated autclaved sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM infection stimulated earlier flowering and fruit production in cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- VAM infectione7
- Outcome
- earlier flowering and fruit productione7
- Direction
- stimulatede7
- Comparator
- noninoculatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen')”
e6“VAM-inoculated (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) or noninoculated autclaved sandy soil”
e7“The VAM infection stimulated earlier flowering and fruit production, but a longer fruit abortion period precluded increases in final fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
A longer fruit abortion period in VAM-infected cucumber precluded increases in final fruit yield.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- VAM infectione7
- Outcome
- final fruit yielde7
- Direction
- precluded increasese7
- Qualifier
- longer fruit abortion periode7
- Comparator
- noninoculatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen')”
e6“VAM-inoculated (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) or noninoculated autclaved sandy soil”
e7“The VAM infection stimulated earlier flowering and fruit production, but a longer fruit abortion period precluded increases in final fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced shoot development and longer fruit abortion in VAM-infected cucumber may be due to extra sink stress from the fungus and developing fruit.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
- Interactor
- funguse7symbiont
- Outcome
- reduced shoot development and longer interval of fruit abortione7
- Qualifier
- increased stress imposed by the collective sink requirements of the fungus and developing fruite7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. 'Corona' and 'Carmen')”
e7“The reduced shoot development and longer interval of fruit abortion characteristic for VAM-infected plants may be due to increased stress imposed by the collective sink requirements of the fungus and developing fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The P treatments produced leaf P levels spanning the range from deficient to sufficient in mature cucumber plants.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- P treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf P levelse0
- Qualifier
- spanned the range from deficient to sufficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These P treatments resulted in leaf P levels that spanned the range from deficient to sufficient, based on published data for mature cucumber plants”
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