Abstract
This study investigates the effect of combined sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) foliar fertilization on leaf S and N concentration, as well as on the growth of olive fruit and on the quantity and quality of olive oil, obtained from two olive cultivars ‘Istarska bjelica’ and ‘Leccino’ in two consecutive years. S and N are some of the most important nutrients, and both play a crucial role in plant oil production. The here-reported fertilization program significantly increased S concentration in leaves without affecting N concentration, which led to an increase in fruit yield and improvement of all fruit morphological parameters. The best oil yield per tree was obtained under the treatment with the highest S/N dose. Oil quality was not affected by S and N supply, and this allowed us to classify all our oil samples as extra virgin (EVOO). Regarding the content of total phenols (TPC) and composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), they remained unaltered under the applied treatments. All investigated fruit morphological parameters, as well as fruit and oil yield, were highly cultivar-dependent. ‘Istarska bjelica’ was characterized as a cultivar with higher fruit mass and pulp percentage, while its stone parameters were lower than those of ‘Leccino’. Consequently, the extraction oil yield obtained from ‘Istarska bjelica’ fruits was much higher. Moreover, environmental conditions had a great impact on fruit and oil quantity. The here-obtained results led us to the conclusion that supply of S and N can enhance oil production without affecting its nutritional quality, a finding that could generate large long-term effects on economic growth in the olive oil sector.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization significantly increased leaf S concentration.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeat0 - Treatment
- fertilization programe0
- Outcome
- S concentration in leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The here-reported fertilization program significantly increased S concentration in leaves without affecting N concentration”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization did not affect leaf N concentration.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- fertilization programe0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization program significantly increased S concentration in leaves without affecting N concentration”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased fruit yield.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- combined sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) foliar fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which led to an increase in fruit yield and improvement of all fruit morphological parameters.”
t0“olive fruit”
e1“combined sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) foliar fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization improved fruit morphological parameters.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- combined sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) foliar fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- fruit morphological parameterse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in fruit yield and improvement of all fruit morphological parameters”
t0“olive fruit”
e1“combined sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) foliar fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest S/N dose gave the best oil yield per tree.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- highest S/N dosee0
- Outcome
- oil yield per treee0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best oil yield per tree was obtained under the treatment with the highest S/N dose.”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
S and N supply did not affect oil quality; all samples were classified as extra virgin.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- S and N supplye0
- Outcome
- Oil qualitye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil quality was not affected by S and N supply, and this allowed us to classify all our oil samples as extra virgin (EVOO).”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenol content remained unaltered under the treatments.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- applied treatmentse0
- Outcome
- content of total phenols (TPC)e0
- Direction
- remained unalterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of total phenols (TPC) and composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), they remained unaltered under the applied treatments.”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Fatty acid methyl ester composition remained unaltered under the treatments.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- applied treatmentse0
- Outcome
- composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)e0
- Direction
- remained unalterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), they remained unaltered under the applied treatments.”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit morphology and fruit and oil yield were highly cultivar-dependent.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- fruit morphological parameters, as well as fruit and oil yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All investigated fruit morphological parameters, as well as fruit and oil yield, were highly cultivar-dependent.”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Istarska bjelica had higher fruit mass and pulp percentage than Leccino.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- ‘Istarska bjelica’e0
- Outcome
- fruit mass and pulp percentagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ‘Leccino’e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Istarska bjelica’ was characterized as a cultivar with higher fruit mass and pulp percentage, while its stone parameters were lower than those of ‘Leccino’.”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Istarska bjelica had lower stone parameters than Leccino.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- ‘Istarska bjelica’e0
- Outcome
- stone parameterse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- ‘Leccino’e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Istarska bjelica’ was characterized as a cultivar with higher fruit mass and pulp percentage, while its stone parameters were lower than those of ‘Leccino’.”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Istarska bjelica fruit gave much higher extraction oil yield.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- ‘Istarska bjelica’e0
- Outcome
- extraction oil yielde0
- Direction
- much highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extraction oil yield obtained from ‘Istarska bjelica’ fruits was much higher.”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Environmental conditions had a great impact on fruit and oil quantity.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- fruit and oil quantitye0
- Setting
- environmental conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“environmental conditions had a great impact on fruit and oil quantity.”
t0“olive”
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