Abstract
Intercropping refers to the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field to maximize resources utilization and yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield, phytochemical attributes, and competition indices of the intercropping system of guar(G)-roselle(R) compared to the monoculture system. This research was performed as a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD), keeping the ratio of guar and roselle in 1:1 (GR), 2:1 (GGR), 1:2 (GRR), 3:2 (GGGRR), 1:3 (GRRR) respectively, along with a sole plot of both crops as the main plot and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40, 70,100 kg urea ha−1) considered as the sub-main plot. The results demonstrated that interaction of GRR followed by 40 kg urea ha−1 obtained maximum biomass (3605 kg ha−1) in roselle, while GR with application of 70 kg urea ha−1 and GRRR in 40 kg urea ha−1 devoted the highest biomass in guar (16,104 and 14,781 kg ha−1). Furthermore, regarding sepal yield, GRRR followed by 40 kg urea ha−1 caused the greatest (1196 kg ha−1). Mean comparison interaction impact results illustrated that sole crop of guar without nitrogen application had the highest guar seed yield (4890 kg ha−1). The greatest gum percentage was obtained in 100 kg urea ha−1 followed by GGGRR (43.49%). Mean comparison interaction results for total chlorophyll in roselle demonstrated that GR in 70 kg urea ha−1 was the most (36.4 mg/g FW). In addition, the highest phenol levels were related to sole crop roselle followed by 70 kg urea ha−1. The highest value of LER in roselle and guar was demonstrated in GRR followed by 100 kg urea ha−1 and GGGRR without nitrogen application (1.52 and 0.86, respectively). Overall, this study strengthens the idea that relay intercropping guar with roselle can improve the yield and quality attribute of both crops, so this system could be considered as a sustainable practice for field management.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
GRR with 40 kg urea ha−1 gave maximum roselle biomass of 3605 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- roselle
Hibiscus sabdariffae0 - Treatment
- GRR followed by 40 kg urea ha−1e1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 3605 kg ha−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e1“interaction of GRR followed by 40 kg urea ha−1 obtained maximum biomass (3605 kg ha−1) in roselle”
Claim · model-written summary
GR with 70 kg urea ha−1 gave guar biomass of 16,104 kg ha−1, among the highest.
- Taxon
- guar
Cyamopsis tetragonolobae0 - Treatment
- GR with application of 70 kg urea ha−1e1
- Outcome
- biomass in guare1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 16,104e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e1“GR with application of 70 kg urea ha−1 and GRRR in 40 kg urea ha−1 devoted the highest biomass in guar (16,104 and 14,781 kg ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
GRRR with 40 kg urea ha−1 gave guar biomass of 14,781 kg ha−1, among the highest.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- GRRR in 40 kg urea ha−1e1
- Outcome
- biomass in guare1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 14,781 kg ha−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e1“GR with application of 70 kg urea ha−1 and GRRR in 40 kg urea ha−1 devoted the highest biomass in guar (16,104 and 14,781 kg ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
GRRR with 40 kg urea ha−1 gave the greatest sepal yield, 1196 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- roselleHibiscus sabdariffae0
- Treatment
- GRRR followed by 40 kg urea ha−1e2
- Outcome
- greateste2
- Direction
- greateste2
- Value
- 1196 kg ha−1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e2“GRRR followed by 40 kg urea ha−1 caused the greatest (1196 kg ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole guar without nitrogen had the highest seed yield of 4890 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- sole crop of guar without nitrogen applicatione3
- Outcome
- guar seed yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 4890 kg ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e3“sole crop of guar without nitrogen application had the highest guar seed yield (4890 kg ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
GGGRR with 100 kg urea ha−1 gave the greatest gum percentage, 43.49%.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- 100 kg urea ha−1 followed by GGGRRe4
- Outcome
- gum percentagee4
- Direction
- greateste4
- Value
- 43.49%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e4“The greatest gum percentage was obtained in 100 kg urea ha−1 followed by GGGRR (43.49%).”
Claim · model-written summary
GR with 70 kg urea ha−1 gave the most roselle chlorophyll, 36.4 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- roselleHibiscus sabdariffae0
- Treatment
- GR in 70 kg urea ha−1e5
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll in rosellee5
- Direction
- moste5
- Value
- 36.4 mg/g FWe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e5“total chlorophyll in roselle demonstrated that GR in 70 kg urea ha−1 was the most (36.4 mg/g FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole roselle with 70 kg urea ha−1 had the highest phenol levels.
- Taxon
- roselleHibiscus sabdariffae0
- Treatment
- sole crop roselle followed by 70 kg urea ha−1e6
- Outcome
- phenol levelse6
- Direction
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e6“the highest phenol levels were related to sole crop roselle followed by 70 kg urea ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Roselle LER reached 1.52 under GRR with 100 kg urea ha−1.
- Taxon
- roselleHibiscus sabdariffae0
- Treatment
- GRR followed by 100 kg urea ha−1e7
- Outcome
- LER in rosellee7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 1.52e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e7“The highest value of LER in roselle and guar was demonstrated in GRR followed by 100 kg urea ha−1 and GGGRR without nitrogen application (1.52 and 0.86, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Guar LER reached 0.86 under GGGRR without nitrogen.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- GGGRR without nitrogen applicatione7
- Outcome
- LER in roselle and guare7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 0.86e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e7“The highest value of LER in roselle and guar was demonstrated in GRR followed by 100 kg urea ha−1 and GGGRR without nitrogen application (1.52 and 0.86, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose guar–roselle relay intercropping as sustainable field management for yield and quality.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Outcome
- sustainable practice for field managemente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants”
e7“relay intercropping guar with roselle can improve the yield and quality attribute of both crops, so this system could be considered as a sustainable practice for field management.”
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