Abstract
The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in leaves reduces photosynthetic capacity by degrading photosynthetic pigments, reducing photosystem II activity, and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Though it was demonstrated that the application of Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) induces heavy metal (HM) stress tolerance in plants, its role in adjusting redox balance and photosynthetic machinery is unclear. In this study, the role of MeJA in modulating photosystem II (PSII) activity and antioxidant defense system was investigated to reduce the toxic effects of Cd on the growth of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) cultivars. One-week-old seedlings of three pea varieties were subjected to Cd stress (0, 50, 100 μm), and MeJA (0, 1, 5, 10 μm) was applied as a foliar spray for 2 weeks. Cadmium stress reduced the growth of all three pea varieties. Cadmium stress decreased photosynthetic pigments [Chl a (58.15%), Chl b (48.97%), total Chl (51.9%) and carotenoids (44.01%)] and efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm (19.52%) and Y(II; 67.67%)], while it substantially increased Cd accumulation along with an increase in ROS (79.09%) and lipid peroxidation (129.28%). However, such adverse effects of Cd stress varied in different pea varieties. Exogenous application of MeJA increased the activity of a battery of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (33.68%), peroxidase (29.75%), and catalase (38.86%)], improved photosynthetic pigments and PSII efficiency. This led to improved growth of pea varieties under Cd stress, such as increased fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots. In addition, improvement in root biomass by MeJA was more significant than that of shoot biomass. Thus, the mitigating effect of MeJA was attributed to its role in cellular redox balance and photosynthetic machinery of pea plants when exposed to Cd stress.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress reduced the growth of all three pea varieties.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- Cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e0“Cadmium stress reduced the growth of all three pea varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased Chl a content by 58.15%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse1
- Outcome
- Chl ae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 58.15%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e1“Cadmium stress decreased photosynthetic pigments [Chl a (58.15%), Chl b (48.97%), total Chl (51.9%) and carotenoids (44.01%)] and efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm (19.52%) and Y(II; 67.67%)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased Chl b content by 48.97%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse1
- Outcome
- Chl be1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 48.97%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e1“Cadmium stress decreased photosynthetic pigments [Chl a (58.15%), Chl b (48.97%), total Chl (51.9%) and carotenoids (44.01%)] and efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm (19.52%) and Y(II; 67.67%)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased total Chl content by 51.9%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse1
- Outcome
- total Chle1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 51.9%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e1“Cadmium stress decreased photosynthetic pigments [Chl a (58.15%), Chl b (48.97%), total Chl (51.9%) and carotenoids (44.01%)] and efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm (19.52%) and Y(II; 67.67%)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased carotenoid content by 44.01%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse1
- Outcome
- carotenoidse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 44.01%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e1“Cadmium stress decreased photosynthetic pigments [Chl a (58.15%), Chl b (48.97%), total Chl (51.9%) and carotenoids (44.01%)] and efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm (19.52%) and Y(II; 67.67%)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased Fv/Fm by 19.52%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse1
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 19.52%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e1“Cadmium stress decreased photosynthetic pigments [Chl a (58.15%), Chl b (48.97%), total Chl (51.9%) and carotenoids (44.01%)] and efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm (19.52%) and Y(II; 67.67%)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased Y(II) by 67.67%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse1
- Outcome
- Y(IIe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 67.67%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e1“Cadmium stress decreased photosynthetic pigments [Chl a (58.15%), Chl b (48.97%), total Chl (51.9%) and carotenoids (44.01%)] and efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm (19.52%) and Y(II; 67.67%)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased Cd accumulation in pea.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e0“Cadmium stress reduced the growth of all three pea varieties”
e2“while it substantially increased Cd accumulation along with an increase in ROS (79.09%) and lipid peroxidation (129.28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased ROS by 79.09%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- ROSe2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 79.09%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e0“Cadmium stress reduced the growth of all three pea varieties”
e2“while it substantially increased Cd accumulation along with an increase in ROS (79.09%) and lipid peroxidation (129.28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased lipid peroxidation by 129.28%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 129.28%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e0“Cadmium stress reduced the growth of all three pea varieties”
e2“while it substantially increased Cd accumulation along with an increase in ROS (79.09%) and lipid peroxidation (129.28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate increased superoxide dismutase activity by 33.68%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of MeJAe3
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 33.68%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e3“Exogenous application of MeJA increased the activity of a battery of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (33.68%), peroxidase (29.75%), and catalase (38.86%)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate increased peroxidase activity by 29.75%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of MeJAe3
- Outcome
- peroxidasee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 29.75%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e3“Exogenous application of MeJA increased the activity of a battery of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (33.68%), peroxidase (29.75%), and catalase (38.86%)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate increased catalase activity by 38.86%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of MeJAe3
- Outcome
- catalasee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 38.86%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e3“Exogenous application of MeJA increased the activity of a battery of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (33.68%), peroxidase (29.75%), and catalase (38.86%)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate improved photosynthetic pigments and PSII efficiency under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of MeJAe3
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments and PSII efficiencye4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e3“Exogenous application of MeJA increased the activity of a battery of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (33.68%), peroxidase (29.75%), and catalase (38.86%)]”
e4“improved photosynthetic pigments and PSII efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate increased fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots of pea under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of MeJAe3
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weights of shoots and rootse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e3“Exogenous application of MeJA increased the activity of a battery of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (33.68%), peroxidase (29.75%), and catalase (38.86%)]”
e5“such as increased fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate improved root biomass more than shoot biomass under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- MeJAe6
- Outcome
- root biomasse6
- Direction
- improvemente6
- Comparator
- shoot biomasse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e6“improvement in root biomass by MeJA was more significant than that of shoot biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
The adverse effects of cadmium stress varied among pea varieties.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- adverse effects of Cd stresse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e7“such adverse effects of Cd stress varied in different pea varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the mitigating effect of methyl jasmonate to its role in cellular redox balance and photosynthetic machinery.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- mitigating effect of MeJAe7
- Qualifier
- its role in cellular redox balance and photosynthetic machinerye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e7“the mitigating effect of MeJA was attributed to its role in cellular redox balance and photosynthetic machinery of pea plants when exposed to Cd stress”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.