Abstract
Agronomic biofortification of staple food with zinc (Zn) in combination with diazotrophic bacteria is one sustainable and feasible strategy to improve plant nutrition, nutrient use efficiency and production and combat Zn malnutrition in human beings. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food of the global population and has a prospective role in agronomic Zn biofortification. In this context, the effect of diazotrophic bacterial inoculations in seeds (no inoculation – Control, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) in association with soil Zn application (without (0) and 8 kg/ha) was evaluated on Zn nutrition, growth, yield and Zn use efficiencies in wheat in the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescens improved Zn concentration in the leaf (38.8 and 45.9%), shoot (25.0 and 31%) and grain (34.0 and 33.3%) with greater shoot dry matter (9.4 and 9.9%) and grain yield (20.3 and 20.6%) as compared to controls in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Also, inoculation of P. fluorescens with Zn application improved Zn shoot and grain accumulation, zinc use efficiency, recovery and utilisation efficiency. With daily wheat consumption, these improvements would be associated with a with higher estimated Zn intake for the human population globally and within Brazil. However, agro-physiological efficiency was increased with inoculation of Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, inoculation of P. fluorescens in association with soil Zn application is recommended for agronomic biofortification, and to increase productivity and Zn use efficiencies in wheat in the tropical savannah of Brazil.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc with P. fluorescens improved leaf zinc concentration by 38.8 and 45.9%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont - Outcome
- Zn concentration in the leafe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 38.8 and 45.9%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescens improved Zn concentration in the leaf (38.8 and 45.9%), shoot (25.0 and 31%) and grain (34.0 and 33.3%) with greater shoot dry matter (9.4 and 9.9%) and grain yield (20.3 and 20.6%) as compared to controls in 2019 and 2020 respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc with P. fluorescens improved shoot zinc concentration by 25.0 and 31%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 25.0 and 31%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescens improved Zn concentration in the leaf (38.8 and 45.9%), shoot (25.0 and 31%) and grain (34.0 and 33.3%) with greater shoot dry matter (9.4 and 9.9%) and grain yield (20.3 and 20.6%) as compared to controls in 2019 and 2020 respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc with P. fluorescens improved grain zinc concentration by 34.0 and 33.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 34.0 and 33.3%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescens improved Zn concentration in the leaf (38.8 and 45.9%), shoot (25.0 and 31%) and grain (34.0 and 33.3%) with greater shoot dry matter (9.4 and 9.9%) and grain yield (20.3 and 20.6%) as compared to controls in 2019 and 2020 respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc with P. fluorescens increased shoot dry matter by 9.4 and 9.9%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry mattere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 9.4 and 9.9%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescens improved Zn concentration in the leaf (38.8 and 45.9%), shoot (25.0 and 31%) and grain (34.0 and 33.3%) with greater shoot dry matter (9.4 and 9.9%) and grain yield (20.3 and 20.6%) as compared to controls in 2019 and 2020 respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc with P. fluorescens increased grain yield by 20.3 and 20.6%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 20.3 and 20.6%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil Zn application in combination with P. fluorescens improved Zn concentration in the leaf (38.8 and 45.9%), shoot (25.0 and 31%) and grain (34.0 and 33.3%) with greater shoot dry matter (9.4 and 9.9%) and grain yield (20.3 and 20.6%) as compared to controls in 2019 and 2020 respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens with zinc improved zinc shoot and grain accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of P. fluorescens with Zn applicatione0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- Zn shoot and grain accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of P. fluorescens with Zn application improved Zn shoot and grain accumulation, zinc use efficiency, recovery and utilisation efficiency”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens with zinc improved zinc use, recovery and utilisation efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of P. fluorescens with Zn applicatione0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- zinc use efficiency, recovery and utilisation efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of P. fluorescens with Zn application improved Zn shoot and grain accumulation, zinc use efficiency, recovery and utilisation efficiency”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis inoculation increased agro-physiological efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- agro-physiological efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“agro-physiological efficiency was increased with inoculation of Bacillus subtilis”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend P. fluorescens with zinc for biofortification and productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculation of P. fluorescens in association with soil Zn applicatione0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- agronomic biofortificatione0
- Setting
- tropical savannah of Brazile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of P. fluorescens in association with soil Zn application is recommended for agronomic biofortification, and to increase productivity and Zn use efficiencies in wheat in the tropical savannah of Brazil.”
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See all 15 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.