Abstract
Field experiments testing the effect of phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria (PSRB) should consider the cropping history and the method used to inoculate the strains. We evaluated the hypothesis that PSRB previously isolated from soybean seedlings could be effective in promoting growth in this oilseed crop in soils with different cultivation periods. We also evaluated whether this growth promotion could be influenced by cultivation histories or the inoculation method (via seeds or soil). Thus, we conducted an experiment in five fields cultivating Glycine max during two seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), to test the effectiveness of PSRB (SAF9-Brevibacillus sp., SAF11-Brevibacillus sp., and SAC36-Bacillus velezensis) compared with results observed for the inoculant BiomaPhos (mix of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium). The present study was based on the evaluation of vegetative growth, nutritional and yield parameters, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). PSRB were more effective than, or showed similar effectiveness to, BiomaPhos for most of the evaluated vegetative, nutritional, and yield characteristics. In the fields tested in the summer 2019/2020 crop, SAC36 and SAF9 strains stood out as growth promoters, whereas in the 2020/2021 crop, SAF11, SAC36, and BiomaPhos were notable. There did not seem to be a direct relationship between long histories of soybean cultivation as a monoculture and low yield in the field. However, yield seems to be associated with soil nutritional characters such as Ca, Mg, K, P, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter levels. PSRB inoculation positively affected nodulation (NN) and nodule dry mass (NDM) in the evaluated fields in the 2019/2020 crop, and the aerial part dry mass (APDM), NN, NDM, yield, and MBC of the evaluated fields in the 2020/2021 crop. In contrast, the inoculation method was observed to have a strong effect on APDM, NN, root dry mass, and MBC, as the plants inoculated via seed showed higher mean values than those in the plants inoculated via soil. This study demonstrated the growth-promoting potential of new phosphate-solubilizing strains, which may eventually be incorporated by the biostimulants market to freely compete with BiomaPhos.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PSRB matched or exceeded BiomaPhos for most vegetative, nutritional and yield traits.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- PSRBe0
- Interactor
- PSRBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- vegetative, nutritional, and yield characteristicse0
- Direction
- more effective than, or showed similar effectiveness toe0
- Comparator
- BiomaPhose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSRB were more effective than, or showed similar effectiveness to, BiomaPhos for most of the evaluated vegetative, nutritional, and yield characteristics.”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
SAC36 and SAF9 stood out as growth promoters in 2019/2020.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SAC36 and SAF9 strainse0
- Interactor
- SAC36 and SAF9 strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth promoterse0
- Setting
- fields tested in the summer 2019/2020 crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the fields tested in the summer 2019/2020 crop, SAC36 and SAF9 strains stood out as growth promoters, whereas in the 2020/2021 crop, SAF11, SAC36, and BiomaPhos were notable.”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
SAF11, SAC36 and BiomaPhos were notable in 2020/2021.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- SAF11, SAC36, and BiomaPhos were notablee0
- Setting
- 2020/2021 crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the fields tested in the summer 2019/2020 crop, SAC36 and SAF9 strains stood out as growth promoters, whereas in the 2020/2021 crop, SAF11, SAC36, and BiomaPhos were notable.”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
Long monoculture history did not directly relate to low field yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- low yielde0
- Comparator
- long histories of soybean cultivation as a monoculturee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There did not seem to be a direct relationship between long histories of soybean cultivation as a monoculture and low yield in the field.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield appeared associated with soil Ca, Mg, K, P, exchange capacity and organic matter.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Comparator
- soil nutritional characters such as Ca, Mg, K, P, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter levelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, yield seems to be associated with soil nutritional characters such as Ca, Mg, K, P, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter levels.”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
PSRB inoculation positively affected nodulation and nodule dry mass in 2019/2020.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PSRB inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PSRBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodulation (NN) and nodule dry mass (NDM)e0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
- Setting
- evaluated fields in the 2019/2020 crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSRB inoculation positively affected nodulation (NN) and nodule dry mass (NDM) in the evaluated fields in the 2019/2020 crop, and the aerial part dry mass (APDM), NN, NDM, yield, and MBC of the evaluated fields in the 2020/2021 crop.”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
PSRB inoculation positively affected shoot mass, nodulation and nodule dry mass in 2020/2021.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PSRB inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PSRBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- aerial part dry mass (APDM), NN, NDMe0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
- Setting
- evaluated fields in the 2020/2021 crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSRB inoculation positively affected nodulation (NN) and nodule dry mass (NDM) in the evaluated fields in the 2019/2020 crop, and the aerial part dry mass (APDM), NN, NDM, yield, and MBC of the evaluated fields in the 2020/2021 crop.”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
PSRB inoculation positively affected yield in 2020/2021.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PSRB inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PSRBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
- Setting
- evaluated fields in the 2020/2021 crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSRB inoculation positively affected nodulation (NN) and nodule dry mass (NDM) in the evaluated fields in the 2019/2020 crop, and the aerial part dry mass (APDM), NN, NDM, yield, and MBC of the evaluated fields in the 2020/2021 crop.”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
PSRB inoculation positively affected microbial biomass carbon in 2020/2021.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PSRB inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PSRBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- MBCe0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
- Setting
- evaluated fields in the 2020/2021 crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSRB inoculation positively affected nodulation (NN) and nodule dry mass (NDM) in the evaluated fields in the 2019/2020 crop, and the aerial part dry mass (APDM), NN, NDM, yield, and MBC of the evaluated fields in the 2020/2021 crop.”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed inoculation gave higher shoot mass, nodulation, root dry mass and microbial biomass carbon than soil inoculation.
Verbatim
e0“the inoculation method was observed to have a strong effect on APDM, NN, root dry mass, and MBC, as the plants inoculated via seed showed higher mean values than those in the plants inoculated via soil.”
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See all 358 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.