Abstract
Co-inoculation in soybean with Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium spp. is a consolidated practice to ensure nitrogen supply and maximize productivity and sustainability. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of the co-inoculation in soybean, via seed or in-furrow, of doses of the mixed inoculant containing Bradyrhizobium spp. and A. brasilense in the same formulation. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in four different edaphoclimatic regions to compare seven treatments: Control without nitrogen (N) and inoculant (T1), 200 kg ha-1 of mineral N fertilizer (T2), 100 mL of standard liquid inoculant of Bradyrhizobium spp. (T3) in 50 kg-1 seeds, 100 mL (T4) or 200 mL (T5) of the mixed liquid inoculant in 50 kg-1 seeds, 200 mL (T6) or 300 mL (T7) ha-1 of the mixed inoculant applied in-furrow. Nodulation characteristics (number and mass of nodules) and carbon and N metabolism (dry mass, N content, and N accumulation in the aerial part) were evaluated at the phenological stage R2 (full flowering—there is an open flower at one of the two uppermost nodes). At maturity (R8—full maturity—95% of the pods have reached their full mature color), yield, the mass of 1,000 grains, N content in the grains, and grain N export were measured. The data were submitted to analysis of variance using the F test and comparison of means was performed using the Duncan test (5%). Under field conditions, the mixed inoculant at doses of 200 mL 50 kg-1 seed or 300 mL ha-1 applied in-furrow were equivalent or superior to the standard inoculant for the total number of nodules, N content in the grains, grain N export, productivity, and mass of 1,000 grains. The use of the mixed inoculant containing Bradyrhizobium spp. and A. brasilense in the same formulation meets the demand of grain N export and resulted in increases of 28%, 18% and 7.4% in soybean productivity compared with control without nitrogen, mineral N fertilizer and standard liquid inoculant of Bradyrhizobium spp. respectively.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Under field conditions the mixed inoculant at 200 mL/50 kg seed or 300 mL/ha in-furrow was equivalent or superior to the standard inoculant for nodule number, grain N content and grain N export.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- mixed inoculant at doses of 200 mL 50 kg-1 seed or 300 mL ha-1 applied in-furrowe1
- Outcome
- total number of nodules, N content in the grains, grain N exporte1
- Direction
- equivalent or superiore1
- Comparator
- standard inoculante1
- Setting
- Under field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under field conditions, the mixed inoculant at doses of 200 mL 50 kg-1 seed or 300 mL ha-1 applied in-furrow were equivalent or superior to the standard inoculant for the total number of nodules, N content in the grains, grain N export, productivity, and mass of 1,000 grains”
t0“Nitrogen Biological Fixation in Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under field conditions the mixed inoculant at 200 mL/50 kg seed or 300 mL/ha in-furrow was equivalent or superior to the standard inoculant for productivity and 1,000-grain mass.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixed inoculant at doses of 200 mL 50 kg-1 seed or 300 mL ha-1 applied in-furrowe1
- Outcome
- productivity, and mass of 1,000 grainse1
- Direction
- equivalent or superiore1
- Comparator
- standard inoculante1
- Setting
- Under field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under field conditions, the mixed inoculant at doses of 200 mL 50 kg-1 seed or 300 mL ha-1 applied in-furrow were equivalent or superior to the standard inoculant for the total number of nodules, N content in the grains, grain N export, productivity, and mass of 1,000 grains”
t0“Nitrogen Biological Fixation in Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed Bradyrhizobium and A. brasilense inoculant increased soybean productivity by 28% compared with the control without nitrogen.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixed inoculant containing Bradyrhizobium spp. and A. brasilensee2
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium spp.
Bradyrhizobiume2symbiont - Second interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee2symbiont - Outcome
- productivitye2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Value
- 28%e2
- Comparator
- control without nitrogene2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The use of the mixed inoculant containing Bradyrhizobium spp. and A. brasilense in the same formulation meets the demand of grain N export and resulted in increases of 28%, 18% and 7.4% in soybean productivity compared with control without nitrogen, mineral N fertilizer and standard liquid inoculant of Bradyrhizobium spp. respectively”
t0“Nitrogen Biological Fixation in Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed Bradyrhizobium and A. brasilense inoculant increased soybean productivity by 18% compared with mineral N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixed inoculant containing Bradyrhizobium spp. and A. brasilensee2
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium spp.Bradyrhizobiume2symbiont
- Second interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- productivitye2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Value
- 18%e2
- Comparator
- mineral N fertilizere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The use of the mixed inoculant containing Bradyrhizobium spp. and A. brasilense in the same formulation meets the demand of grain N export and resulted in increases of 28%, 18% and 7.4% in soybean productivity compared with control without nitrogen, mineral N fertilizer and standard liquid inoculant of Bradyrhizobium spp. respectively”
t0“Nitrogen Biological Fixation in Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed Bradyrhizobium and A. brasilense inoculant increased soybean productivity by 7.4% compared with the standard liquid Bradyrhizobium inoculant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixed inoculant containing Bradyrhizobium spp. and A. brasilensee2
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium spp.Bradyrhizobiume2symbiont
- Second interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- productivitye2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Value
- 7.4%e2
- Comparator
- standard liquid inoculant of Bradyrhizobium spp.e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The use of the mixed inoculant containing Bradyrhizobium spp. and A. brasilense in the same formulation meets the demand of grain N export and resulted in increases of 28%, 18% and 7.4% in soybean productivity compared with control without nitrogen, mineral N fertilizer and standard liquid inoculant of Bradyrhizobium spp. respectively”
t0“Nitrogen Biological Fixation in Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
Azospirillum brasilense · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Bradyrhizobium · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →inoculation · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
490 papers in the same direction as this paper · 63 in the opposite direction · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
562 papers more in this group
See all 566 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.