Abstract
We report the growth promoting potential in wheat under saline conditions by an endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus BTK-1. The isolated BTK-1 from the root of Chenopodium album was identified as Aspergillus terreus through 18S rDNA sequence analysis. BTK-1 secreted indole acetic acid (IAA), exhibited 1- aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase (ACC) and siderophores activity, and solubilized phosphate. Wheat seedlings were exposed to a saline environment (0, 60, 120, and 180 mM) with or without BKT-1 inoculation. Seedlings inoculated with BTK-1 showed higher concentrations of IAA and gibberellins, whereas they showed low concentrations of abscisic acid compared to the BTK-1 non-inoculated plants. Also, BTK-1 inoculated wheat plants revealed significantly ( P = 0.05) longer shoots and roots, biomass, and chlorophyll contents. On the contrary, plants without BTK-1 inoculation indicated significantly ( P = 0.05) low amounts of carbohydrates, phenolics, prolines, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, with high amounts of Na and malonaldehyde under salt stress. Likewise, BTK-1 inoculated wheat plants showed high activity of reduced glutathione, and low activity of ascorbate, catalase, and peroxidase under salt stress. The mitigation of salinity stress by BTK-1 inoculated wheat plants suggested its use as a bio-stimulator in salt affected soils.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The root isolate BTK-1 was identified as Aspergillus terreus.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium album
Chenopodium albume0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus terreus
Aspergillus terreuse0symbiont - Outcome
- identified as Aspergillus terreuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The isolated BTK-1 from the root of Chenopodium album was identified as Aspergillus terreus through 18S rDNA sequence analysis.”
Claim · model-written summary
BTK-1 secreted IAA, had ACC deaminase and siderophore activity, and solubilized phosphate.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium albumChenopodium albume1
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- secreted indole acetic acid (IAA), exhibited 1- aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase (ACC) and siderophores activity, and solubilized phosphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BTK-1 secreted indole acetic acid (IAA), exhibited 1- aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase (ACC) and siderophores activity, and solubilized phosphate.”
e1“root of Chenopodium album”
Claim · model-written summary
BTK-1 inoculation raised wheat IAA and gibberellins.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- inoculated with BTK-1e0
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- concentrations of IAA and gibberellinse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- BTK-1 non-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings inoculated with BTK-1 showed higher concentrations of IAA and gibberellins, whereas they showed low concentrations of abscisic acid compared to the BTK-1 non-inoculated plants.”
e1“growth promoting potential in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
BTK-1 inoculated wheat had low abscisic acid.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- inoculated with BTK-1e0
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- concentrations of abscisic acide0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- BTK-1 non-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings inoculated with BTK-1 showed higher concentrations of IAA and gibberellins, whereas they showed low concentrations of abscisic acid compared to the BTK-1 non-inoculated plants.”
e1“growth promoting potential in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated wheat had longer shoots and roots, more biomass and chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- BTK-1 inoculatede0
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoots and roots, biomass, and chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- longere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BTK-1 inoculated wheat plants revealed significantly ( P = 0.05) longer shoots and roots, biomass, and chlorophyll contents.”
Claim · model-written summary
Without BTK-1, stressed wheat had low carbohydrates, phenolics and prolines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- without BTK-1 inoculatione0
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- amounts of carbohydrates, phenolics, prolinese0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants without BTK-1 inoculation indicated significantly ( P = 0.05) low amounts of carbohydrates, phenolics, prolines, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, with high amounts of Na and malonaldehyde under salt stress.”
e1“growth promoting potential in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Without BTK-1, stressed wheat had low potassium, magnesium and calcium.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- without BTK-1 inoculatione0
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- potassium, magnesium, and calciume0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants without BTK-1 inoculation indicated significantly ( P = 0.05) low amounts of carbohydrates, phenolics, prolines, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, with high amounts of Na and malonaldehyde under salt stress.”
e1“growth promoting potential in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Without BTK-1, stressed wheat had high sodium and malonaldehyde.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- without BTK-1 inoculatione0
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- amounts of Na and malonaldehydee0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants without BTK-1 inoculation indicated significantly ( P = 0.05) low amounts of carbohydrates, phenolics, prolines, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, with high amounts of Na and malonaldehyde under salt stress.”
e1“growth promoting potential in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated wheat showed high reduced glutathione activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- BTK-1 inoculatede0
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of reduced glutathionee0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BTK-1 inoculated wheat plants showed high activity of reduced glutathione, and low activity of ascorbate, catalase, and peroxidase under salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated wheat showed low ascorbate, catalase and peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- BTK-1 inoculatede0
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of ascorbate, catalase, and peroxidasee0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BTK-1 inoculated wheat plants showed high activity of reduced glutathione, and low activity of ascorbate, catalase, and peroxidase under salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest BTK-1 as a biostimulator in salt affected soils.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- BTK-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- use as a bio-stimulator in salt affected soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mitigation of salinity stress by BTK-1 inoculated wheat plants suggested its use as a bio-stimulator in salt affected soils.”
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