Abstract
– The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of pre-harvest application on ‘Baigent’ apple trees cultivated under black anti-hail nets with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), in a single or split dose, combined or not with ethephon, on the quality, the antioxidant activity, and the content of phenolic compounds of the fruits after storage in controlled atmosphere (CA). The pre-harvest applications of AVG alone, both at a dose of 0.125 g L−1, as well as in split dose and at a dose of 0.0625 g L−1, reduced the rate of ethylene production, showed less yellowing fruits and a lower incidence of cracks, maintaining high flesh firmness, texture attributes, and fruit acidity, without causing negative effects on the incidence of mealiness and decay. The pre-harvest applications of AVG at a dose of 0.125 g L−1 and in split dose combined with ethephon also contributed to the reduction of the ethylene production rate and yellowing, showed high flesh firmness and texture, however, it showed a high incidence of decay and cracking when ethephon was combined with AVG at a dose of 0.125 g L−1. In the skin, application of AVG only at a dose of 0.125 g L−1 reduced the total phenolic compounds values, however, total antioxidant activity was reduced with any form of AVG application. In the flesh, there was no effect of pre-harvest application of AVG. Regardless of the dose and form of application, AVG reduced the contents of chlorogenic acid, phloridizin, and epicatechin in the skin of fruits harvested at commercial harvest.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
AVG alone reduced ethylene production, yellowing and cracking.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- ‘Baigent’t0
- Treatment
- AVG alonee0
- Outcome
- rate of ethylene productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- both at a dose of 0.125 g L−1, as well as in split dose and at a dose of 0.0625 g L−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre-harvest applications of AVG alone, both at a dose of 0.125 g L−1, as well as in split dose and at a dose of 0.0625 g L−1, reduced the rate of ethylene production, showed less yellowing fruits and a lower incidence of cracks, maintaining high flesh firmness, texture attributes, and fruit acidity, without causing negative effects on the incidence of mealiness and decay.”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG alone produced less yellowing and lower cracking incidence.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Baigent’t0
- Treatment
- AVG alonee0
- Outcome
- yellowing fruitse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre-harvest applications of AVG alone, both at a dose of 0.125 g L−1, as well as in split dose and at a dose of 0.0625 g L−1, reduced the rate of ethylene production, showed less yellowing fruits and a lower incidence of cracks”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG alone lowered cracking incidence.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Baigent’t0
- Treatment
- AVG alonee0
- Outcome
- incidence of crackse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre-harvest applications of AVG alone, both at a dose of 0.125 g L−1, as well as in split dose and at a dose of 0.0625 g L−1, reduced the rate of ethylene production, showed less yellowing fruits and a lower incidence of cracks”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG alone maintained high firmness, texture and acidity.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Baigent’t0
- Treatment
- AVG alonee0
- Outcome
- flesh firmness, texture attributes, and fruit aciditye0
- Direction
- maintaining highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre-harvest applications of AVG alone, both at a dose of 0.125 g L−1, as well as in split dose and at a dose of 0.0625 g L−1, reduced the rate of ethylene production, showed less yellowing fruits and a lower incidence of cracks, maintaining high flesh firmness, texture attributes, and fruit acidity”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG alone caused no negative effects on mealiness and decay incidence.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- AVG alonee0
- Outcome
- incidence of mealiness and decaye0
- Direction
- without causing negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre-harvest applications of AVG alone, both at a dose of 0.125 g L−1, as well as in split dose and at a dose of 0.0625 g L−1, reduced the rate of ethylene production, showed less yellowing fruits and a lower incidence of cracks, maintaining high flesh firmness, texture attributes, and fruit acidity, without causing negative effects on the incidence of mealiness and decay.”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG combined with ethephon reduced ethylene production and yellowing.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- AVG at a dose of 0.125 g L−1 and in split dose combined with ethephone0
- Outcome
- ethylene production rate and yellowinge0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre-harvest applications of AVG at a dose of 0.125 g L−1 and in split dose combined with ethephon also contributed to the reduction of the ethylene production rate and yellowing, showed high flesh firmness and texture”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG combined with ethephon yielded high firmness and texture.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- AVG at a dose of 0.125 g L−1 and in split dose combined with ethephone0
- Outcome
- flesh firmness and texturee0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre-harvest applications of AVG at a dose of 0.125 g L−1 and in split dose combined with ethephon also contributed to the reduction of the ethylene production rate and yellowing, showed high flesh firmness and texture”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon with 0.125 g L−1 AVG produced high decay and cracking incidence.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephon was combined with AVG at a dose of 0.125 g L−1e0
- Outcome
- incidence of decay and crackinge0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it showed a high incidence of decay and cracking when ethephon was combined with AVG at a dose of 0.125 g L−1.”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG at 0.125 g L−1 reduced skin total phenolics.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- skine0
- Treatment
- AVG only at a dose of 0.125 g L−1e0
- Outcome
- total phenolic compounds valuese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the skin, application of AVG only at a dose of 0.125 g L−1 reduced the total phenolic compounds values”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Every AVG application form reduced total antioxidant activity in skin.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- skine0
- Treatment
- any form of AVG applicatione0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the skin, application of AVG only at a dose of 0.125 g L−1 reduced the total phenolic compounds values, however, total antioxidant activity was reduced with any form of AVG application.”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest AVG had no effect in apple flesh.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fleshe0
- Treatment
- pre-harvest application of AVGe0
- Outcome
- no effecte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the flesh, there was no effect of pre-harvest application of AVG.”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG reduced skin chlorogenic acid, phloridizin and epicatechin at commercial harvest regardless of dose or application form.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- skine0
- Treatment
- AVGe0
- Outcome
- contents of chlorogenic acid, phloridizin, and epicatechine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- Regardless of the dose and form of applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the dose and form of application, AVG reduced the contents of chlorogenic acid, phloridizin, and epicatechin in the skin of fruits harvested at commercial harvest.”
t0“‘Baigent’ apples”
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