Paper · 2016 · Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization of Irrigated Grain Sorghum

A. Schlegel; H. D. Bond

8
claims
14
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Long-term research shows that phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer must be applied to optimize production of irrigated grain sorghum in western Kansas. In 2015, N applied alone increased yields 66 bu/a, whereas N and P applied together increased yields up to 92 bu/a. Averaged across the past 10 years, N and P fertilization increased sorghum yields up to 76 bu/a. Application of 40 lb/a N (with P) was sufficient to produce 88% of maximum yield in 2015 which is slightly above the 10-year average. Application of potassium (K) has had no effect on sorghum yield throughout the study period. Average grain N content reached a maximum of ~0.7 lb/bu while grain P content reached a maximum of 0.15 lb/bu (0.34 lb P2O5/bu) and grain K content reached a maximum of 0.19 lb/bu (0.23 lb K2O/bu).

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen alone increased 2015 sorghum yield by 66 bu/a.

Taxon
Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
Treatment
N applied alonee0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
increasede0
Value
66 bu/ae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Pethan assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In 2015, N applied alone increased yields 66 bu/a, whereas N and P applied together increased yields up to 92 bu/a.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 158–273 · show in text ↑
t0

“Grain Sorghum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–74 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen and phosphorus together increased 2015 yield by up to 92 bu/a.

Taxon
Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
Treatment
N and P applied togethere0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
increasede0
Value
92 bu/ae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Pethan assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In 2015, N applied alone increased yields 66 bu/a, whereas N and P applied together increased yields up to 92 bu/a.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 158–273 · show in text ↑
t0

“Grain Sorghum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–74 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

N and P increased ten-year average sorghum yields by up to 76 bu/a.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Treatment
N and P fertilizatione0
Outcome
sorghum yieldse0
Direction
increasede0
Value
76 bu/ae0
Qualifier
past 10 yearse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Averaged across the past 10 years, N and P fertilization increased sorghum yields up to 76 bu/a.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 274–370 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Applying 40 lb/a N with P produced 88% of maximum yield in 2015.

Taxon
Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
Treatment
40 lb/a N (with P)e0
Outcome
yielde0
Value
88%e0
Qualifier
in 2015e0
Comparator
maximum yielde0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Pethan assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 40 lb/a N (with P) was sufficient to produce 88% of maximum yield in 2015 which is slightly above the 10-year average.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 371–504 · show in text ↑
t0

“Grain Sorghum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–74 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium application had no effect on sorghum yield over the study period.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Treatment
potassium (K)e0
Outcome
sorghum yielde0
Direction
no effecte0
Qualifier
throughout the study periode0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of potassium (K) has had no effect on sorghum yield throughout the study period.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 505–597 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Average grain N content reached a maximum of about 0.7 lb/bu.

Taxon
Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
Outcome
grain N contente0
Direction
maximume0
Value
~0.7 lb/bue0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Pethan assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Average grain N content reached a maximum of ~0.7 lb/bu while grain P content reached a maximum of 0.15 lb/bu (0.34 lb P2O5/bu) and grain K content reached a maximum of 0.19 lb/bu (0.23 lb K2O/bu).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 598–795 · show in text ↑
t0

“Grain Sorghum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–74 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grain P content reached a maximum of 0.15 lb/bu.

Taxon
Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
Outcome
grain P contente0
Direction
maximume0
Value
0.15 lb/bue0
Qualifier
0.34 lb P2O5/bue0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Pethan assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“grain P content reached a maximum of 0.15 lb/bu (0.34 lb P2O5/bu)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–725 · show in text ↑
t0

“Grain Sorghum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–74 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grain K content reached a maximum of 0.19 lb/bu.

Taxon
Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
Outcome
grain K contente0
Direction
maximume0
Value
0.19 lb/bue0
Qualifier
0.23 lb K2O/bue0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Pethan assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“grain K content reached a maximum of 0.19 lb/bu (0.23 lb K2O/bu)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 730–794 · show in text ↑
t0

“Grain Sorghum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–74 · show in text ↑

phosphorus · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results differ

35 papers: 25 positive, 10 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

31 papers more in this group

See all 35 papers →

potassium · yield · SorghumResults differ

41 papers: 24 positive, 17 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

37 papers more in this group

See all 41 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results differ

100 papers: 80 positive, 20 negative or no effect

79 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

96 papers more in this group

See all 100 papers →

phosphorus · yield · SorghumResults differ

105 papers: 92 positive, 13 negative or no effect

91 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

101 papers more in this group

See all 105 papers →

nitrogen · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

290 papers: 264 positive, 26 negative or no effect

263 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

286 papers more in this group

See all 290 papers →

fertilization · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

446 papers: 418 positive, 28 negative or no effect

417 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

442 papers more in this group

See all 446 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.