Abstract
To evaluate the potential for mycotoxin production by molds in dried beans, the mold flora of 114 samples was determined both before and after surface disinfection of the beans with 5% NaOCl. Surface disinfection substantially reduced mold incidence, indicating that contamination was mainly on the surface. The flora, both before and after disinfection, was dominated by species of the Aspergillus glaucus group, the toxicogenic species A. ochraceus, Penicillium cyclopium, and P. viridicatum, and species of Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. The toxicogenic species Aspergillus flavis, A. versicolor, Penicillium citrinum, P. expansum, P. islandicum, and P. urticae were encountered less frequently. Of 209 species of Aspergillus and Penicillium screened for mycotoxin production on sterile rice substrate, 114 produced one or more of the following mycotoxins: A. flavus, aflatoxins; A. ochraceus, ochratoxins; A. nidulans, A. unguis, and A. versicolor, sterigmatocystin; P. cyclopium, penicillic acid; P. citrinum and P. viridicatum, citrinin; P. urticae, patulin and griseofulvin. Sterigmatocystin production by A. unguis is reported for the first time.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Surface disinfection reduced mold incidence on dried beans.
- Taxon
- Dried Beanst0
- Treatment
- Surface disinfectione0
- Interactor
- molde0pathogen
- Outcome
- mold incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Surface disinfection substantially reduced mold incidence, indicating that contamination was mainly on the surface.”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean mold contamination was mainly on the surface.
Verbatim
e0“Surface disinfection substantially reduced mold incidence, indicating that contamination was mainly on the surface.”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
The mold flora of dried beans was dominated by Aspergillus glaucus group species, A. ochraceus and Penicillium cyclopium.
Verbatim
e0“The flora, both before and after disinfection, was dominated by species of the Aspergillus glaucus group, the toxicogenic species A. ochraceus, Penicillium cyclopium, and P. viridicatum, and species of Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium.”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
P. viridicatum, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Fusarium also dominated the bean mold flora.
Verbatim
e0“The flora, both before and after disinfection, was dominated by species of the Aspergillus glaucus group, the toxicogenic species A. ochraceus, Penicillium cyclopium, and P. viridicatum, and species of Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium.”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavis, A. versicolor and Penicillium citrinum were encountered less often.
Verbatim
e0“The toxicogenic species Aspergillus flavis, A. versicolor, Penicillium citrinum, P. expansum, P. islandicum, and P. urticae were encountered less frequently.”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
P. expansum, P. islandicum and P. urticae were encountered less often.
- Taxon
- Dried Beanst0
- Interactor
- P. expansum
Penicillium expansume0pathogen - Outcome
- encountered less frequentlye0
- Direction
- less frequentlye0
- Qualifier
- P. islandicum, and P. urticaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The toxicogenic species Aspergillus flavis, A. versicolor, Penicillium citrinum, P. expansum, P. islandicum, and P. urticae were encountered less frequently.”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 209 Aspergillus and Penicillium species screened on rice, 114 produced mycotoxins.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- Aspergillus and Penicillium
Aspergillus
Penicilliume0pathogen - Outcome
- mycotoxin productione0
- Value
- 114e0
- Qualifier
- 209 speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of 209 species of Aspergillus and Penicillium screened for mycotoxin production on sterile rice substrate, 114 produced one or more of the following mycotoxins”
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavus produced aflatoxins.
- Taxon
- Dried Beanst0
- Interactor
- A. flavus
Aspergillus flavuse0pathogen - Outcome
- A. flavus, aflatoxinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. flavus, aflatoxins; A. ochraceus, ochratoxins”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
A. ochraceus produced ochratoxins.
- Taxon
- Dried Beanst0
- Interactor
- A. ochraceus
Aspergillus ochraceuse0pathogen - Outcome
- A. ochraceus, ochratoxinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. ochraceus, ochratoxins; A. nidulans”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
A. nidulans, A. unguis and A. versicolor produced sterigmatocystin.
- Taxon
- Dried Beanst0
- Interactor
- A. nidulans
Aspergillus nidulanse0pathogen - Outcome
- sterigmatocystine0
- Qualifier
- A. unguis, and A. versicolore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. nidulans, A. unguis, and A. versicolor, sterigmatocystin”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
P. cyclopium produced penicillic acid.
- Taxon
- Dried Beanst0
- Interactor
- P. cyclopiumPenicillium cyclopiume0pathogen
- Outcome
- penicillic acide0
Verbatim
e0“P. cyclopium, penicillic acid”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
P. citrinum and P. viridicatum produced citrinin.
- Taxon
- Dried Beanst0
- Interactor
- P. citrinumPenicillium citrinume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. viridicatumPenicillium viridicatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- citrinine0
Verbatim
e0“P. citrinum and P. viridicatum, citrinin”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
P. urticae produced patulin and griseofulvin.
- Taxon
- Dried Beanst0
- Interactor
- P. urticaePenicillium urticaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- patulin and griseofulvine0
Verbatim
e0“P. urticae, patulin and griseofulvin”
t0“Dried Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Sterigmatocystin production by A. unguis was reported for the first time.
- Taxon
- Dried Beanst0
- Interactor
- A. unguis
Aspergillus unguise0pathogen - Outcome
- Sterigmatocystin productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sterigmatocystin production by A. unguis is reported for the first time.”
t0“Dried Beans”