Abstract
The noncallusing morphogenetic properties of Citrus juice vesicles cultured in vitro are unknown and were herein studied. Juice vesicles isolated from 120–180-day-old fruits are capable of proliferation via adventitious vesicle branching in vitro. Gibberellic acid levels of 1–100 mg/L greatly enhanced adventitious vesicle branching while delaying vesicle senescence as evidenced by the vesicles' ability to retain its green color for up to 4 to 6 mo in culture. Vesicles grown on media without gibberellic acid readily matured, turning opaque within 2 mo in culture and rarely produced adventitious branches. Additions of 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid or 1.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine to media containing 10 mg/L gibberellic acid further enhanced vesicle branching in some species and cultivars. Adventitious juice vesicles have been induced from a variety of citrus species, including Citrus grandis (L.) Osb., C. hystrix DC., C. limon (L.) Burm. f., C. medica L., C. paradisi Macf., C. reticulata Blanco, and C. sinensis (L.) Osb. Adventitious vesicle branches originate from primordia initiated on the surface of the cultured vesicle. These primordia commonly occurred on the terminal meristem region of the vesicle. However, some species (e.g., C. grandis and C. paradisi) produced adventitious vesicle branches from their bodies and stalks as well. Distinct vesicle branches begin to appear on preformed vesicles after 30–60 days in culture. A survey to determine the natural occurrence of vesicle branching in various Citrus species was also conducted. Natural vesicle branching commonly occurred in C. grandis, C. paradisi, and in some cultivars of C. reticulata, but was absent in most citrus species and cultivars (e.g., C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing., C. canaliculata Hort. ex Y. Tan., C. hystrix, C. limon, C. medica, C. sinensis). It was found that some species which failed to exhibit the adventitious branching phenomenon in nature did so in vitro (e.g., C. hystrix, C. medica, and C. sinensis).
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Juice vesicles from 120–180-day-old fruit proliferated by adventitious branching in culture.
- Organ / stage
- Juice vesiclese0
- Outcome
- proliferation via adventitious vesicle branchinge0
- Qualifier
- 120–180-day-old fruitse0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Juice vesicles isolated from 120–180-day-old fruits are capable of proliferation via adventitious vesicle branching in vitro.”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid at 1–100 mg/L enhanced adventitious vesicle branching.
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acid levels of 1–100 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- adventitious vesicle branchinge0
- Direction
- greatly enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid levels of 1–100 mg/L greatly enhanced adventitious vesicle branching”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid delayed vesicle senescence and maintained green color for 4 to 6 months.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delaying vesicle senescence as evidenced by the vesicles' ability to retain its green color for up to 4 to 6 mo in culture.”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
Vesicles without gibberellic acid matured and became opaque within two months.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vesicles grown on media without gibberellic acid readily matured, turning opaque within 2 mo in culture”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
Vesicles without gibberellic acid rarely produced adventitious branches.
- Outcome
- rarely produced adventitious branchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rarely produced adventitious branches.”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding α-naphthaleneacetic acid to gibberellic acid medium further enhanced branching in some taxa.
- Treatment
- 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acide0
- Outcome
- vesicle branchinge0
- Direction
- further enhancede0
- Qualifier
- some species and cultivarse0
- Comparator
- media containing 10 mg/L gibberellic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additions of 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid or 1.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine to media containing 10 mg/L gibberellic acid further enhanced vesicle branching in some species and cultivars.”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding benzylaminopurine to gibberellic acid medium further enhanced branching in some taxa.
- Treatment
- 1.0 mg/L benzylaminopurinee0
- Outcome
- vesicle branchinge0
- Direction
- further enhancede0
- Qualifier
- some species and cultivarse0
- Comparator
- media containing 10 mg/L gibberellic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additions of 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid or 1.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine to media containing 10 mg/L gibberellic acid further enhanced vesicle branching in some species and cultivars.”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
Adventitious juice vesicles were induced in seven named Citrus taxa.
- Taxon
- Citrus grandis
Citrus maximae0 - Outcome
- Adventitious juice vesicles have been inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adventitious juice vesicles have been induced from a variety of citrus species, including Citrus grandis (L.) Osb., C. hystrix DC., C. limon (L.) Burm. f., C. medica L., C. paradisi Macf., C. reticulata Blanco, and C. sinensis (L.) Osb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adventitious branches originated from primordia on cultured vesicle surfaces.
- Organ / stage
- surface of the cultured vesiclee0
- Outcome
- Adventitious vesicle branches originate from primordiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adventitious vesicle branches originate from primordia initiated on the surface of the cultured vesicle.”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
Branch primordia commonly occurred on the terminal meristem region.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These primordia commonly occurred on the terminal meristem region of the vesicle.”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
C. grandis and C. paradisi also formed branches from vesicle bodies and stalks.
- Taxon
- C. grandisCitrus maximae0
- Organ / stage
- bodies and stalkse0
- Outcome
- produced adventitious vesicle branchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. grandis and C. paradisi) produced adventitious vesicle branches from their bodies and stalks as well.”
Claim · model-written summary
Distinct branches appeared after 30–60 days in culture.
- Organ / stage
- preformed vesiclese0
- Outcome
- Distinct vesicle branches begin to appeare0
- Value
- 30–60 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Distinct vesicle branches begin to appear on preformed vesicles after 30–60 days in culture.”
t0“Citrus Juice Vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural branching commonly occurred in C. grandis, C. paradisi and some C. reticulata cultivars.
- Taxon
- C. grandisCitrus maximae0
- Outcome
- Natural vesicle branching commonly occurrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Natural vesicle branching commonly occurred in C. grandis, C. paradisi, and in some cultivars of C. reticulata”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural branching was absent in most Citrus species and cultivars.
- Outcome
- absent in most citrus species and cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was absent in most citrus species and cultivars (e.g., C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing., C. canaliculata Hort. ex Y. Tan., C. hystrix, C. limon, C. medica, C. sinensis).”
Claim · model-written summary
Some species lacking natural branching nevertheless branched in culture.
- Taxon
- C. hystrix
Citrus hystrixe0 - Outcome
- did so in vitroe0
- Qualifier
- failed to exhibit the adventitious branching phenomenon in naturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some species which failed to exhibit the adventitious branching phenomenon in nature did so in vitro (e.g., C. hystrix, C. medica, and C. sinensis).”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · CitrusResults differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →1-naphthaleneacetic acid · growth · CitrusPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.