Abstract
In many states, Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), is no longer quarantined, and management is left to professional applicators and consumers. Adult management in hybrid tea rose, Rosa L., was compared among biorational insecticides, novel imidacloprid applications (tablet, gel, and root dip), and conventional insecticides. Efficacy of biorational insecticides used by consumers varied widely and may not offer predictable management: mortality was 3.0% with Garlic Barrier, 5.0% with Monterey Neem Oil, 15.1% with Pygenic (1.4% pyrethrins), and 27.3% with Orange Guard (d–limonene). Only JB Killer (0.02% pyrethrins plus 0.2% piperonyl butoxide) had mortality of 90.9%, probably due to piperonyl butoxide. Professional biorationals did not show significant mortality: 7.7% with Azatin XL (azadirachtin) and 3.7% Conserve (spinosad). In contrast, conventional insecticides demonstrated significant mortality; 88.4% with Decathlon 20 WP (cyfluthrin) and 83.3% with Discus SC (imidacloprid plus cyfluthrin). New imidacloprid applications (tablet, gel, and root dip) worked as well as standard drench and granular methods, but they showed 9.1–42.7% mortality. However, beetles were incapacitated as demonstrated by inability to walk (82–106-s flip time) compared with controls (30-s flip time). No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatments. However, some imidacloprid treatments produced growth enhancement: higher leaf chlorophyll (1X, 3X granular, and one tablet), and larger leaf area and higher nitrogen (3X granular, drench). The highest (active ingredient) imidacloprid was in 3X granular treatment, which in an unplanned infestation, showed highest numbers of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Effects of imidacloprid on leaf quality and mite outbreaks deserves research.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic Barrier caused 3.0% Japanese beetle mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea Rose
Rosa hybrid cultivart0 - Treatment
- Garlic Barriere0
- Interactor
- Japanese Beetle
Popillia japonicat0pest - Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 3.0%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mortality was 3.0% with Garlic Barrier”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Monterey Neem Oil caused 5.0% Japanese beetle mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Monterey Neem Oile0
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Value
- 5.0%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5.0% with Monterey Neem Oil”
e1“mortality was 3.0% with Garlic Barrier”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Pygenic caused 15.1% Japanese beetle mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Pygenic (1.4% pyrethrins)e0
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Value
- 15.1%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15.1% with Pygenic (1.4% pyrethrins)”
e1“mortality was 3.0% with Garlic Barrier”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange Guard caused 27.3% Japanese beetle mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Orange Guard (d–limonene)e0
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Value
- 27.3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27.3% with Orange Guard (d–limonene)”
e1“mortality was 3.0% with Garlic Barrier”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
JB Killer caused 90.9% Japanese beetle mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- JB Killer (0.02% pyrethrins plus 0.2% piperonyl butoxide)e0
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 90.9%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JB Killer (0.02% pyrethrins plus 0.2% piperonyl butoxide) had mortality of 90.9%”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Azatin XL produced 7.7% mortality without significant mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Azatin XL (azadirachtin)e0
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 7.7%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Professional biorationals did not show significant mortality: 7.7% with Azatin XL (azadirachtin)”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Conserve produced 3.7% mortality without significant mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Conserve (spinosad)e0
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 3.7%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Professional biorationals did not show significant mortality: 7.7% with Azatin XL (azadirachtin) and 3.7% Conserve (spinosad)”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Decathlon 20 WP caused significant 88.4% beetle mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Decathlon 20 WP (cyfluthrin)e0
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 88.4%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional insecticides demonstrated significant mortality; 88.4% with Decathlon 20 WP (cyfluthrin)”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Discus SC caused significant 83.3% beetle mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- Discus SC (imidacloprid plus cyfluthrin)e0
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 83.3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional insecticides demonstrated significant mortality; 88.4% with Decathlon 20 WP (cyfluthrin) and 83.3% with Discus SC (imidacloprid plus cyfluthrin)”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
New imidacloprid tablet, gel and root dip applications worked as well as standard methods but produced 9.1–42.7% beetle mortality.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- New imidacloprid applications (tablet, gel, and root dip)e0
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- worked as well ase0
- Value
- 9.1–42.7%e0
- Comparator
- standard drench and granular methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“New imidacloprid applications (tablet, gel, and root dip) worked as well as standard drench and granular methods, but they showed 9.1–42.7% mortality”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Beetles exposed to imidacloprid were incapacitated, with flip times of 82–106 seconds versus 30 seconds in controls.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- New imidacloprid applications (tablet, gel, and root dip)e1
- Interactor
- Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicat0pest
- Outcome
- inability to walke0
- Value
- 82–106-s flip timee0
- Qualifier
- 30-s flip timee0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“beetles were incapacitated as demonstrated by inability to walk (82–106-s flip time) compared with controls (30-s flip time)”
e1“New imidacloprid applications (tablet, gel, and root dip)”
t0“Japanese Beetle on Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
No treatment caused observed phytotoxicity on rose.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- any treatmentse0
- Outcome
- No phytotoxicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatments”
t0“Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1X granular treatment raised rose leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- 1Xe0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophylle0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher leaf chlorophyll (1X, 3X granular, and one tablet)”
e1“some imidacloprid treatments produced growth enhancement”
t0“Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3X granular treatment raised rose leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- 3X granulare0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophylle0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher leaf chlorophyll (1X, 3X granular, and one tablet)”
t0“Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
One tablet treatment raised rose leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- one tablete0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophylle0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher leaf chlorophyll (1X, 3X granular, and one tablet)”
t0“Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3X granular treatment increased rose leaf area and nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- 3X granulare0
- Outcome
- leaf area and higher nitrogene0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“larger leaf area and higher nitrogen (3X granular, drench)”
t0“Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
The drench treatment increased rose leaf area and nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- drenche0
- Outcome
- leaf area and higher nitrogene0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“larger leaf area and higher nitrogen (3X granular, drench)”
t0“Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3X granular imidacloprid treatment had the highest active ingredient amount.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- 3X granular treatmente0
- Outcome
- (active ingredient) imidaclopride0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest (active ingredient) imidacloprid was in 3X granular treatment”
t0“Hybrid Tea Rose”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3X granular imidacloprid treatment had the highest twospotted spider mite numbers during an unplanned infestation.
- Taxon
- Hybrid Tea RoseRosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- 3X granular treatmente0
- Interactor
- Tetranychus urticae Koch
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Tetranychus urticaee0pest - Outcome
- numbers of twospotted spider mitee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- unplanned infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“3X granular treatment, which in an unplanned infestation, showed highest numbers of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch”
t0“Hybrid Tea Rose”
The same questions in other papers
application · growth · Rosa hybrid cultivarPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.