Abstract
Abstract In modern agriculture, long‐term soil fertility and crop productivity are maintained by a combination of inorganic fertilizers and pesticide inputs which, in turn, create environmental and health concerns. Therefore, studies were initiated to evaluate two commonly used herbicides (atrazine and simazine) and two biological nitrification inhibitors (nitrapyrin and terrazole) applied with NO3‐N source fertilizer for their effects on denitrification and on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yields. Each chemical applied at the rate of 10, 50, or 100 mg a.i. L‐1 suppressed denitrification of NO3 ‐ in a liquid medium inoculated with a Tifton loamy sand in a laboratory study. Nitrapyrin and terrazole selectively suppressed NO3 ‐ or NO2 ‐ or both reduction while atrazine and simazine suppressed NO2 ‐ or N2O or both reduction. In greenhouse pot culture studies, chemical application resulted in higher percent N recovery relative to the control. When atrazine or simazine was part of the chemical treatment, concentrations of NO3 ‐ and NO2 ‐ in corn (Zea mays L.) plants increased, and plant growth was restricted due to NO2 ‐ toxicity. During two consecutive years of field studies using split‐banded applications of N fertilization with nitrapyrin and terrazole, corn ear yields increased 78% and 25% in the first and second year, respectively. With atrazine and simazine, however, yields increased significantly in the first season only. Mixing either herbicide with nitrapyrin or terrazole had no effect on yields during both seasons. Chemical Names: atrazine = [2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐s‐triazine]; simazine = [2‐chloro‐4,6‐bis(ethylamino)‐s‐triazine]; nitrapyrin = [2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl)pyridine]; terrazole = [ethoxy‐3‐trichloromethyl‐1,2,4‐thiadiazole].
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical application increased nitrogen recovery in greenhouse pot culture.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- chemical applicatione0
- Outcome
- percent N recoverye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
- Setting
- greenhouse pot culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In greenhouse pot culture studies, chemical application resulted in higher percent N recovery relative to the control.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine treatment increased nitrate and nitrite in corn plants.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- atrazinee0
- Outcome
- concentrations of NO3 ‐ and NO2 ‐e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When atrazine or simazine was part of the chemical treatment, concentrations of NO3 ‐ and NO2 ‐ in corn (Zea mays L.) plants increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine treatment increased nitrate and nitrite in corn plants.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- simazinee0
- Outcome
- concentrations of NO3 ‐ and NO2 ‐e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When atrazine or simazine was part of the chemical treatment, concentrations of NO3 ‐ and NO2 ‐ in corn (Zea mays L.) plants increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine or simazine restricted corn growth due to nitrite toxicity.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Compound
- NO2 ‐e0
- Outcome
- plant growth was restrictede0
- Qualifier
- toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth was restricted due to NO2 ‐ toxicity.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin and terrazole field applications increased corn ear yield 78% in year one.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- N fertilization with nitrapyrin and terrazolee0
- Outcome
- corn ear yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 78%e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
- Setting
- field studiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During two consecutive years of field studies using split‐banded applications of N fertilization with nitrapyrin and terrazole, corn ear yields increased 78% and 25% in the first and second year, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin and terrazole field applications increased corn ear yield 25% in year two.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- N fertilization with nitrapyrin and terrazolee0
- Outcome
- corn ear yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
- Setting
- field studiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During two consecutive years of field studies using split‐banded applications of N fertilization with nitrapyrin and terrazole, corn ear yields increased 78% and 25% in the first and second year, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine increased yield significantly only in the first season.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazinee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- first season onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With atrazine and simazine, however, yields increased significantly in the first season only.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine increased yield significantly only in the first season.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- simazinee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- first season onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With atrazine and simazine, however, yields increased significantly in the first season only.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixing herbicide with nitrapyrin had no yield effect in either season.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Mixing either herbicide with nitrapyrine0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixing either herbicide with nitrapyrin or terrazole had no effect on yields during both seasons.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixing herbicide with terrazole had no yield effect in either season.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Mixing either herbicide with nitrapyrin or terrazolee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixing either herbicide with nitrapyrin or terrazole had no effect on yields during both seasons.”
t0“corn”
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simazine · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
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See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.