Abstract
Abstract Zinc (Zn) deficiency in crops is a major micronutrient disorder particularly in alkaline‐calcareous soils like those of the rainfed Potohar plateau in Pakistan. A nutrient indexing of sorghum (cv. Potohar 4–8) by sampling <30 cm tall whole shoots and associated soils from 255 random field locations revealed that the crop was deficient in Zn in 54% fields in Jehlum district and 64% in Chakwal. In a greenhouse experiment using a Zn‐deficient calcareous Typic Ustorthents, maximum increase in grain yield with Zn fertilizer was 177% over control in improved sorghum variety (cv. PARC‐SS‐1) and only 10% in local sorghum (cv. Potohar 4–8). Although biomass production of cv. PARC‐SS‐1 was much greater compared with cv. Potohar 4–8, fertilizer Zn requirement for the two cultivars was not much different, 8.3 mg Zn/kg soil for improved sorghum variety and 7.3 mg Zn/kg for local sorghum variety. Contrary to its higher sensitivity to Zn deficiency, the improved sorghum variety was more efficient in utilizing fertilizer Zn. Despite low Zn availability in the Potohar fields, local sorghum is not expected to respond to fertilizer Zn. However, adequate Zn fertility must be assured for cultivating improved sorghum in these soils. Zinc content in mature grains of sorghum proved a good index of soil Zn fertility status. Internal Zn requirement in foliar plant parts of cv. PARC‐SS‐1 (whole shoots, 33 mg/kg; leaves, 22 mg/kg) was greater than in cv. Potohar 4–8 (whole shoots, 27 mg/kg; leaves, 20 mg/kg). In contrast, critical Zn content in grains of the improved sorghum variety (10 mg/kg) was lower than of local variety (14 mg/kg). Three soil tests were equally effective in determining soil Zn fertility. Critical soil Zn levels for cv. PARC‐SS‐1 were: DTPA, 3.4 mg/kg; AB‐DTPA, 3.7 mg/kg; and Mehlich 3, 8.0 mg/dm3. Similar to internal Zn requirement in foliar plant parts, soil test critical Zn levels were lower for cv. Potohar 4–8, i.e., DTPA, 3.1 mg/kg; AB‐DTPA, 3.5 mg/kg; and Mehlich 3, 7.2 mg/dm3. Because of their better efficiency, ‘universal’ soil tests appear superior to the DTPA test for routine Zn analysis.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum was zinc deficient in 54% of fields in Jehlum district.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crop was deficient in Zn in 54% fields in Jehlum district”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum was zinc deficient in 64% of fields in Chakwal.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 64% in Chakwal”
e1“the crop was deficient in Zn in 54% fields in Jehlum district”
t0“Zinc nutrition of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilizer increased PARC‐SS‐1 grain yield by up to 177% over control.
- Material
- cv. PARC‐SS‐1e0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 177%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum increase in grain yield with Zn fertilizer was 177% over control in improved sorghum variety (cv. PARC‐SS‐1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilizer increased Potohar 4–8 grain yield by only 10% over control.
- Material
- cv. Potohar 4–8e0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizere1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and only 10% in local sorghum (cv. Potohar 4–8)”
e1“maximum increase in grain yield with Zn fertilizer was 177% over control in improved sorghum variety”
Claim · model-written summary
PARC‐SS‐1 produced much more biomass than Potohar 4–8.
- Material
- cv. PARC‐SS‐1e0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- much greatere0
- Comparator
- cv. Potohar 4–8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biomass production of cv. PARC‐SS‐1 was much greater compared with cv. Potohar 4–8”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
PARC‐SS‐1 required 8.3 mg Zn/kg soil fertilizer zinc.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“8.3 mg Zn/kg soil for improved sorghum variety”
e1“fertilizer Zn requirement for the two cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Potohar 4–8 required 7.3 mg Zn/kg fertilizer zinc.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7.3 mg Zn/kg for local sorghum variety”
e1“fertilizer Zn requirement for the two cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The improved sorghum variety utilized fertilizer zinc more efficiently despite higher deficiency sensitivity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the improved sorghum variety was more efficient in utilizing fertilizer Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature grain zinc content was a good index of soil zinc fertility.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc content in mature grains of sorghum proved a good index of soil Zn fertility status”
Claim · model-written summary
PARC‐SS‐1 whole-shoot internal zinc requirement was 33 mg/kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cv. PARC‐SS‐1 (whole shoots, 33 mg/kg; leaves, 22 mg/kg)”
e1“Internal Zn requirement in foliar plant parts”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
PARC‐SS‐1 leaf internal zinc requirement was 22 mg/kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cv. PARC‐SS‐1 (whole shoots, 33 mg/kg; leaves, 22 mg/kg)”
e1“Internal Zn requirement in foliar plant parts”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Potohar 4–8 whole-shoot internal zinc requirement was 27 mg/kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cv. Potohar 4–8 (whole shoots, 27 mg/kg; leaves, 20 mg/kg)”
e1“Internal Zn requirement in foliar plant parts”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Potohar 4–8 leaf internal zinc requirement was 20 mg/kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cv. Potohar 4–8 (whole shoots, 27 mg/kg; leaves, 20 mg/kg)”
e1“Internal Zn requirement in foliar plant parts”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Critical grain zinc content was 10 mg/kg for the improved sorghum variety.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“critical Zn content in grains of the improved sorghum variety (10 mg/kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Critical grain zinc content was 14 mg/kg for the local variety.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“local variety (14 mg/kg)”
e1“critical Zn content in grains of the improved sorghum variety”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Three soil tests were equally effective for soil zinc fertility.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three soil tests were equally effective in determining soil Zn fertility”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
PARC‐SS‐1 critical soil zinc levels were 3.4 mg/kg by DTPA, 3.7 mg/kg by AB‐DTPA, and 8.0 mg/dm3 by Mehlich 3.
- Material
- cv. PARC‐SS‐1e0
- Outcome
- Critical soil Zn levelse0
- Value
- 3.4 mg/kg; AB‐DTPA, 3.7 mg/kg; and Mehlich 3, 8.0 mg/dm3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Critical soil Zn levels for cv. PARC‐SS‐1 were: DTPA, 3.4 mg/kg; AB‐DTPA, 3.7 mg/kg; and Mehlich 3, 8.0 mg/dm3”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Potohar 4–8 critical soil zinc levels were 3.1 mg/kg by DTPA, 3.5 mg/kg by AB‐DTPA, and 7.2 mg/dm3 by Mehlich 3.
- Material
- cv. Potohar 4–8e0
- Outcome
- soil test critical Zn levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 3.1 mg/kg; AB‐DTPA, 3.5 mg/kg; and Mehlich 3, 7.2 mg/dm3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil test critical Zn levels were lower for cv. Potohar 4–8, i.e., DTPA, 3.1 mg/kg; AB‐DTPA, 3.5 mg/kg; and Mehlich 3, 7.2 mg/dm3”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Universal soil tests appear superior to DTPA for routine zinc analysis.
- Outcome
- superior to the DTPA test for routine Zn analysise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘universal’ soil tests appear superior to the DTPA test for routine Zn analysis”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate zinc fertility must be assured for improved sorghum cultivation in these soils.
- Outcome
- adequate Zn fertility must be assurede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adequate Zn fertility must be assured for cultivating improved sorghum in these soils”
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- no effect
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See all 446 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.