Abstract
Highland soils are mostly Vertisols which is characterized by low content of nitrogen and are generally waterlogged due to abundant rainfall. With this view a field study was conducted at Ambo Agriculture Research Center experimental site during the main cropping season of 2013-2014, with the aim to determine the effects of drain depth on root depth (RD), yield and yield components of maize grown on Vertisols and to identify appropriate nitrogen source and time of application for maize production. The treatment was arranged factorial with five drain depths (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm), two nitrogen (N) sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and two timings of N applications (twice and thrice). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that drain depths, 45 and 60 cm deep resulted in deeper root system and higher grain and stover yield than drain depths of 0, 15 and 30 cm. Grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and harvest index (HI) were highly significantly (P 0.05) affected by drain depths, nitrogen sources and time of application, and the interaction effect of drain depths and N source. The maximum grain yield (6.33 t ha -1 ), stover yield (7.57 t ha -1 ), 1000 grains weight (423.83 g) and HI (44.80%) were obtained from drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS). However, the above yields are on par with 45 cm deep drain. Similarly, thrice split application of N source gave better grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and HI than twice at 45 and 60 cm drain depths and the lowest were obtained from undrained plots (0 cm). Hence, drain depth of 45 cm coupled with ammonium sulfate and thrice split application could enhance maize production on Vertisols in Ambo and similar areas.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Drains at 45 and 60 cm gave deeper maize root system than drains at 0, 15 and 30 cm.
- Treatment
- drain depths, 45 and 60 cm deepe0
- Outcome
- root systeme0
- Direction
- deepere0
- Comparator
- drain depths of 0, 15 and 30 cme0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that drain depths, 45 and 60 cm deep resulted in deeper root system and higher grain and stover yield than drain depths of 0, 15 and 30 cm.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drains at 45 and 60 cm gave higher maize grain than drains at 0, 15 and 30 cm.
- Treatment
- drain depths, 45 and 60 cm deepe0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- drain depths of 0, 15 and 30 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that drain depths, 45 and 60 cm deep resulted in deeper root system and higher grain and stover yield than drain depths of 0, 15 and 30 cm.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drains at 45 and 60 cm gave higher maize stover yield than drains at 0, 15 and 30 cm.
- Treatment
- drain depths, 45 and 60 cm deepe0
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- drain depths of 0, 15 and 30 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that drain depths, 45 and 60 cm deep resulted in deeper root system and higher grain and stover yield than drain depths of 0, 15 and 30 cm.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain was significantly affected by drainage depth, nitrogen source, timing and depth-by-source interaction.
- Treatment
- drain depths, nitrogen sources and time of application, and the interaction effect of drain depths and N sourcee0
- Outcome
- Graine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and harvest index (HI) were highly significantly (P 0.05) affected by drain depths, nitrogen sources and time of application, and the interaction effect of drain depths and N source.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
stover yields was significantly affected by drainage depth, nitrogen source, timing and depth-by-source interaction.
- Treatment
- drain depths, nitrogen sources and time of application, and the interaction effect of drain depths and N sourcee0
- Outcome
- stover yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and harvest index (HI) were highly significantly (P 0.05) affected by drain depths, nitrogen sources and time of application, and the interaction effect of drain depths and N source.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
1000 grain weight was significantly affected by drainage depth, nitrogen source, timing and depth-by-source interaction.
- Treatment
- drain depths, nitrogen sources and time of application, and the interaction effect of drain depths and N sourcee0
- Outcome
- 1000 grain weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and harvest index (HI) were highly significantly (P 0.05) affected by drain depths, nitrogen sources and time of application, and the interaction effect of drain depths and N source.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
harvest index (HI) was significantly affected by drainage depth, nitrogen source, timing and depth-by-source interaction.
- Treatment
- drain depths, nitrogen sources and time of application, and the interaction effect of drain depths and N sourcee0
- Outcome
- harvest index (HI)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and harvest index (HI) were highly significantly (P 0.05) affected by drain depths, nitrogen sources and time of application, and the interaction effect of drain depths and N source.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum grain yield under 60 cm drainage and three ammonium sulfate applications was 6.33 t ha -1.
- Treatment
- drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 6.33 t ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum grain yield (6.33 t ha -1 ), stover yield (7.57 t ha -1 ), 1000 grains weight (423.83 g) and HI (44.80%) were obtained from drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum stover yield under 60 cm drainage and three ammonium sulfate applications was 7.57 t ha -1.
- Treatment
- drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS)e0
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.57 t ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum grain yield (6.33 t ha -1 ), stover yield (7.57 t ha -1 ), 1000 grains weight (423.83 g) and HI (44.80%) were obtained from drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum 1000 grains weight under 60 cm drainage and three ammonium sulfate applications was 423.83 g.
- Treatment
- drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS)e0
- Outcome
- 1000 grains weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 423.83 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum grain yield (6.33 t ha -1 ), stover yield (7.57 t ha -1 ), 1000 grains weight (423.83 g) and HI (44.80%) were obtained from drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum HI under 60 cm drainage and three ammonium sulfate applications was 44.80%.
- Treatment
- drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS)e0
- Outcome
- HIe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 44.80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum grain yield (6.33 t ha -1 ), stover yield (7.57 t ha -1 ), 1000 grains weight (423.83 g) and HI (44.80%) were obtained from drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields at 60 cm drainage were on par with those at 45 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum grain yield (6.33 t ha -1 ), stover yield (7.57 t ha -1 ), 1000 grains weight (423.83 g) and HI (44.80%) were obtained from drain depth of 60 cm coupled with thrice split application of ammonium sulfate (AS). However, the above yields are on par with 45 cm deep drain.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nitrogen applications gave better grain than two applications at 45 and 60 cm drainage.
- Treatment
- thrice split application of N sourcee0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 45 and 60 cm drain depthse0
- Comparator
- twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, thrice split application of N source gave better grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and HI than twice at 45 and 60 cm drain depths and the lowest were obtained from undrained plots (0 cm).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nitrogen applications gave better stover yields than two applications at 45 and 60 cm drainage.
- Treatment
- thrice split application of N sourcee0
- Outcome
- stover yieldse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 45 and 60 cm drain depthse0
- Comparator
- twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, thrice split application of N source gave better grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and HI than twice at 45 and 60 cm drain depths and the lowest were obtained from undrained plots (0 cm).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nitrogen applications gave better 1000 grain weight than two applications at 45 and 60 cm drainage.
- Treatment
- thrice split application of N sourcee0
- Outcome
- 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 45 and 60 cm drain depthse0
- Comparator
- twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, thrice split application of N source gave better grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and HI than twice at 45 and 60 cm drain depths and the lowest were obtained from undrained plots (0 cm).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nitrogen applications gave better HI than two applications at 45 and 60 cm drainage.
- Treatment
- thrice split application of N sourcee0
- Outcome
- HIe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 45 and 60 cm drain depthse0
- Comparator
- twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, thrice split application of N source gave better grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and HI than twice at 45 and 60 cm drain depths and the lowest were obtained from undrained plots (0 cm).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Undrained plots gave the lowest measured yield and yield component values.
- Treatment
- undrained plots (0 cm)e0
- Outcome
- grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and HIe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, thrice split application of N source gave better grain and stover yields, 1000 grain weight and HI than twice at 45 and 60 cm drain depths and the lowest were obtained from undrained plots (0 cm).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 45 cm drainage with ammonium sulfate applied three times for maize production on Vertisols in Ambo.
- Outcome
- drain depth of 45 cm coupled with ammonium sulfate and thrice split applicatione0
- Setting
- Amboe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hence, drain depth of 45 cm coupled with ammonium sulfate and thrice split application could enhance maize production on Vertisols in Ambo and similar areas.”
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See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.