Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil and young olive plants irrigated for one year with saline treated wastewater (TWW). One-year-old olive plants were inoculated with different AMF: (i) Glomus deserticola; (ii) Gigaspora margarita and (iii) combination of G. deserticola and G. margarita. Changes were observed in the soil chemical characteristics, in particular a significant increase in the electrical conductivity and an accumulation of Na+ and Cl−. Consequently, compared to the control treatment, the Na+ and Cl− contents of young olive plants irrigated with TWW increased by 12 and 133% in the leaves and by 98 and 106% in the roots, respectively. Moreover, an increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents, and electrolyte leakage rate was observed. Interestingly, roots and leaves of olive plants inoculated with AMF and irrigated with TWW showed a lower Na+ and Cl−content, and a higher macro- and micro-nutrient content, compared to uninoculated plants. The decrease of Na+ and Cl− contents in olive plants inoculated with both G. deserticola and G. margarita was about 24 and 43% in the leaves, and about 30 and 39% in the roots, respectively. Furthermore, the AMF symbiosis enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT and APX) and reduced the malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater increased soil electrical conductivity and accumulated sodium and chloride.
- Taxon
- olive plants
Olea europaeat0 - Treatment
- treated wastewater irrigationt0
- Outcome
- electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes were observed in the soil chemical characteristics, in particular a significant increase in the electrical conductivity and an accumulation of Na+ and Cl−”
t0“olive plants under treated wastewater irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Under treated wastewater, olive leaf Na+ content increased by 12% versus control.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- irrigated with TWWe0
- Outcome
- Na+ and Cl− contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to the control treatment, the Na+ and Cl− contents of young olive plants irrigated with TWW increased by 12 and 133% in the leaves and by 98 and 106% in the roots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under treated wastewater, olive leaf chloride content increased by 133% versus control.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- irrigated with TWWe0
- Outcome
- Cl− contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 133%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to the control treatment, the Na+ and Cl− contents of young olive plants irrigated with TWW increased by 12 and 133% in the leaves and by 98 and 106% in the roots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under treated wastewater, olive root Na+ content increased by 98% versus control.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- irrigated with TWWe0
- Outcome
- Na+ and Cl− contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 98e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to the control treatment, the Na+ and Cl− contents of young olive plants irrigated with TWW increased by 12 and 133% in the leaves and by 98 and 106% in the roots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under treated wastewater, olive root chloride content increased by 106% versus control.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- irrigated with TWWe0
- Outcome
- Cl− contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 106%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to the control treatment, the Na+ and Cl− contents of young olive plants irrigated with TWW increased by 12 and 133% in the leaves and by 98 and 106% in the roots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater increased olive antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents, and electrolyte leakage rate was observed”
t0“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater increased olive malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde and H2O2 contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents, and electrolyte leakage rate was observed”
t0“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater increased olive electrolyte leakage rate.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents, and electrolyte leakage rate was observed”
t0“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation reduced sodium and chloride content in olive roots and leaves under treated wastewater.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- inoculated with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Na+ and Cl−contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots and leaves of olive plants inoculated with AMF and irrigated with TWW showed a lower Na+ and Cl−content, and a higher macro- and micro-nutrient content, compared to uninoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation raised macro and micronutrient contents of olive roots and leaves under treated wastewater.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- inoculated with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- macro- and micro-nutrient contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots and leaves of olive plants inoculated with AMF and irrigated with TWW showed a lower Na+ and Cl−content, and a higher macro- and micro-nutrient content, compared to uninoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF inoculation lowered olive leaf Na+ content by about 24%.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- inoculated with both G. deserticola and G. margaritae0
- Interactor
- G. deserticolaSeptoglomus deserticolae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G. margarita
Gigaspora margaritae0symbiont - Outcome
- Na+ and Cl− contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 24e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease of Na+ and Cl− contents in olive plants inoculated with both G. deserticola and G. margarita was about 24 and 43% in the leaves, and about 30 and 39% in the roots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF inoculation lowered olive leaf chloride content by about 43%.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- inoculated with both G. deserticola and G. margaritae0
- Interactor
- G. deserticolaSeptoglomus deserticolae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G. margaritaGigaspora margaritae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cl− contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease of Na+ and Cl− contents in olive plants inoculated with both G. deserticola and G. margarita was about 24 and 43% in the leaves, and about 30 and 39% in the roots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF inoculation lowered olive root Na+ content by about 30%.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with both G. deserticola and G. margaritae0
- Interactor
- G. deserticolaSeptoglomus deserticolae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G. margaritaGigaspora margaritae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Na+ and Cl− contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease of Na+ and Cl− contents in olive plants inoculated with both G. deserticola and G. margarita was about 24 and 43% in the leaves, and about 30 and 39% in the roots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF inoculation lowered olive root chloride content by about 39%.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with both G. deserticola and G. margaritae0
- Interactor
- G. deserticolaSeptoglomus deserticolae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G. margaritaGigaspora margaritae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cl− contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease of Na+ and Cl− contents in olive plants inoculated with both G. deserticola and G. margarita was about 24 and 43% in the leaves, and about 30 and 39% in the roots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF symbiosis increased olive CAT and APX antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- AMF symbiosise0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT and APX)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the AMF symbiosis enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT and APX) and reduced the malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents”
t0“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF symbiosis reduced olive malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents.
- Taxon
- olive plantsOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- AMF symbiosise0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde and H2O2 contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the AMF symbiosis enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT and APX) and reduced the malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents”
t0“olive plants”
The same questions in other papers
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mycorrhiza · molecular: metabolites · Olea europaea (common olive)Results agree
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inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Olea europaea (common olive)Results agree
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- positive
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.