Abstract
The excessive application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is becoming a major agricultural problem, which reduces the utilization rate of the P fertilizer and degrades soil quality. The following five P fertilizer treatments were investigated to know how they affect soil properties, enzyme activity, bacterial and fungal community structure. 1) no P fertilizer (P0); 2) farmers’ traditional P fertilization scheme (FP); 3) 30% reduction in P fertilizer application (P1, microbial blended fertilizer as base fertilizer); 4) 30% reduction in P fertilizer application (P2, diammonium phosphate as starting fertilizer); 5) 30% reduction in P fertilizer application (P3, microbial inoculum seed dressing). The P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) available potassium (AK) contents, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), however, soil urease activity was significantly reduced. Moreover, the P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer significantly increased the relative abundance of a potential beneficial genus (i.e., Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Penicillium , and Acremonium ) and potentially pathogenic genus (i.e., Fusarium , Gibberella , and Drechslera ). The structural equation model (SEM) revealed that different P fertilizer reduction systems had significant indirect effects on bacterial and fungal community structures. The results suggested that the P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer systems regulated the pathogenic and beneficial genus which created a microbial community that is favorable for maize growth. Moreover, the findings highlighted the importance of soil properties in determining the soil bacterial and fungal community structure.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer increased soil organic matter, total phosphorus and available phosphorus.
- Treatment
- P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) available potassium (AK) contents, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP)”
e4“favorable for maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer increased available potassium and acid phosphatase activity.
- Treatment
- P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizere0
- Outcome
- available potassium (AK) contents, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) available potassium (AK) contents, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP)”
e4“favorable for maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer reduced soil urease activity.
- Treatment
- P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil urease activitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) available potassium (AK) contents, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP)”
e1“however, soil urease activity was significantly reduced”
e4“favorable for maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer increased the relative abundance of the potentially beneficial genus Bacillus.
- Treatment
- P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizere0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse2symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundancee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- Pseudomonas , Penicillium , and Acremoniume2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) available potassium (AK) contents, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP)”
e2“significantly increased the relative abundance of a potential beneficial genus (i.e., Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Penicillium , and Acremonium ) and potentially pathogenic genus (i.e., Fusarium , Gibberella , and Drechslera )”
e4“favorable for maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer increased the relative abundance of the potentially pathogenic genus Fusarium.
- Treatment
- P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizere0
- Outcome
- relative abundancee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- Gibberella , and Drechslerae2
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) available potassium (AK) contents, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP)”
e2“significantly increased the relative abundance of a potential beneficial genus (i.e., Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Penicillium , and Acremonium ) and potentially pathogenic genus (i.e., Fusarium , Gibberella , and Drechslera )”
e4“favorable for maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Different P fertilizer reduction systems had significant indirect effects on bacterial and fungal community structures.
- Treatment
- different P fertilizer reduction systemse3
- Outcome
- bacterial and fungal community structurese3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“different P fertilizer reduction systems had significant indirect effects on bacterial and fungal community structures”
e4“favorable for maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil properties were important in determining the soil bacterial and fungal community structure.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“favorable for maize growth”
e5“the findings highlighted the importance of soil properties in determining the soil bacterial and fungal community structure”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · Fusarium · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
fertilization · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
60 papers more in this group
See all 64 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.